Chapter 27: Exercise and Activity

Chapter 27: Exercise and Activity

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse working on an orthopedic unit has to assist many of the patients because of limited mobility. The nurse’s goal is to maintain a position that most favors function, requires the least muscular work to maintain, and places the least strain on muscles, ligaments, and bones. What is the term that best describes this goal?

ANS:   B

The term posture means maintaining optimal body position. It means a position that most favors function, requires the least muscular work to maintain, and places the least strain on muscles, ligaments, and bones. Center of gravity refers to the term that describes how body balance is achieved, over a wide stable base of support. Body alignment refers to the relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line. Correct alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures, maintains adequate muscle tone, and contributes to balance.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    678

OBJ:    Describe the role of the skeleton, skeletal muscles, and nervous system in the regulation of movement.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

2. The nurse is taking care of a 78-year-old comatose patient. The nurse has placed the patient in a supine position. To prevent foot drop, the nurse applies which of the following?

ANS:   C

Avoid pressure on the back of the legs and heels—pillows elevating the feet or dorsiflexing the foot may cause increased pressure. Use a foot boot to prevent footdrop, maintain proper alignment, and provide freedom of movement for the feet. When a patient is immobile, use pillows, trochanter rolls, and hand rolls or arm splints to increase comfort and reduce injury to the skin or musculoskeletal system.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)

REF:    691

OBJ:    Describe the interventions for maintaining proper alignment, assisting a patient in moving up in bed, repositioning a patient needing assistance, and transferring a patient from a bed to a chair. TOP:    Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

3. A nurse who works on the orthopedic unit knows that in addition to providing support, bones perform other functions in the body. Besides support, which of the following is an important bone function used during activity and exercise?

ANS:   D

Bones perform five functions in the body: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation). Two of these functions—support and movement—are most important during activity and exercise. In support, bones serve as the framework and contribute to the shape, alignment, and positioning of the body parts. In movement, bones with their joints constitute levers for muscle attachment. Hematopoiesis and mineral storage are not involved with bone function during activity and exercise.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)

REF:    679

OBJ:    Describe the role of the skeleton, skeletal muscles, and nervous system in the regulation of movement.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

4. The patient has been diagnosed with a progressive neuromuscular disease and is having difficulty walking and has decreased awareness of the body’s position. What is the term that best describes this phenomenon?

ANS:   B

Proprioception is the awareness of the position of the body and its parts and is dependent on impulses from the inner ear and from receptors in joints and ligaments. The nervous system also regulates posture. Posture is incorrect because it requires coordination of proprioception and balance. Balance is incorrect because it is controlled by the inner ear and the cerebellum. Hemiplegia is incorrect because this term is used to describe paralysis on one side of the body.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)

REF:    680

OBJ:    Describe the role of the skeleton, skeletal muscles, and nervous system in the regulation of movement.                                    TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity