Chapter 28: Drugs Used for Diuresis

Chapter 28: Drugs Used for Diuresis

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What would the nurse anticipate if a patient with a history of type 2 diabetes is prescribed a thiazide diuretic?

ANS:  C

The thiazides may induce hyperglycemia and aggravate cases of preexisting diabetes mellitus. Regular assessment for glycosuria is indicated. Dosages of oral hypoglycemics and insulin may need adjustment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thiazides affect glucose metabolism, and the patient should change her regimen to accommodate this. Thiazides have the opposite effect on glucose metabolism. More frequent monitoring is warranted when the patient is being treated with thiazide diuretics.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Page 440        OBJ:   5

TOP:   Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity

NOT:  CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment

2. When teaching a patient who is taking thiazide diuretics, the nurse will encourage the patient to increase the intake of which electrolyte?

ANS:  C

Thiazide diuretics cause a decrease in the level of potassium. The patient taking thiazide diuretics does not need to increase calcium or magnesium intake. Although sodium levels are altered in patients taking thiazide diuretics, patients do not need to increase sodium intake.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   Page 440        OBJ:   5

TOP:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NOT:  CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Nutrition; Health Promotion

3. On admission, a patient with a history of cardiac insufficiency complains of shortness of breath. The nurse auscultates the lungs and notes bilateral crackles throughout both fields. In addition, there is bilateral +2 edema of the lower extremities. Which medication does the nurse anticipate that the health care provider will prescribe?

ANS:  D

Diuretics, such as furosemide, are the mainstays of treatment in heart failure and hypertension. Allopurinol is used to treat gout. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and is not used for diuresis. Mannitol is used mainly to treat cerebral edema.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Page 436        OBJ:   1 | 2

TOP:   Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity

NOT:  CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Gas Exchange; Perfusion

4. Which medication is a potassium sparing diuretic?

ANS:  B

Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that blocks the sodium retaining and potassium and magnesium excreting properties of aldosterone. This results in loss of water, with increased sodium excretion and retention of potassium. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and does not spare potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic and does not spare potassium.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   Page 442        OBJ:   2

TOP:   Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity

NOT:  CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Nutrition