Chapter 28. Nutrition

Chapter 28. Nutrition

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____       1.   Which food provides the body with no usable glucose?

1)

Wheat germ

2)

Apple

3)

White bread

4)

White rice

 

 

ANS:       1

Dietary fiber, such as wheat germ, contains no usable glucose. Apples, white bread, and white rice all contain carbohydrates, which provide usable glucose.

 

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Easy                REF:    p. 902;  does not specify wheat germ, just indicates that fiber provides no glucose.

KEY:   Nursing process: Planning | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Comprehension

 

 

 

____       2.   Which organ relies almost exclusively on glucose for energy?

1)

Liver

2)

Heart

3)

Pancreas

4)

Brain

 

ANS:       4

The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose for energy. The heart and liver do not. The pancreas produces insulin for glucose utilization but does not use glucose.

 

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Easy

REF:    p. 902; ESG, Chapter 28, Supplemental Materials, Dietary Reference Intake: Macronutrients

KEY:   Nursing process: N/A | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Recall

 

 

 

 

____       3.   A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted with hyperglycemia and associated acidosis. The presence of which alternative fuel in the body is responsible for the acidosis?

1)

Glycogen

2)

Insulin

3)

Ketones

4)

Proteins

 

x

 

ANS:       3

When fats are converted to ketones for use as alternative fuel, as in diabetic ketoacidosis when glucose cannot by used by the cells, the acidity of the blood rises, leading to the acidosis. Glycogen is converted to glucose to meet energy needs. Insulin, a pancreatic hormone, promotes the movement of glucose into cells for use. Proteins would not be used for fuel as long as fats were available.

 

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Difficult          REF:    pp. 902, 925

KEY:   Nursing process: Assessment | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Comprehension

 

 

 

____       4.   Which patient is most likely experiencing positive nitrogen balance? A patient admitted:

1)

With third-degree burns of his legs.

2)

In the sixth month of a healthy pregnancy.

3)

From a nursing home who has been refusing to eat.

4)

With acute pancreatitis.

 

ANS:       2

A positive nitrogen balance typically exists during pregnancy when new tissues are being formed. Patients with burns, malnutrition, and serious illness commonly experience negative nitrogen balance because tissues are lost.

 

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Moderate        REF:    p. 902

KEY:   Nursing process: Assessment | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Application

 

 

 

____       5.   Which polysaccharide is stored in the liver?

1)

Insulin

2)

Ketones

3)

Glycogen

4)

Glucose

 

ANS:       3

Humans store glucose in the liver as polysaccharides, known as glycogen. Glycogen can then be converted back into glucose to meet energy needs through a process known as glycogenolysis. If fats must be used for energy, they are converted directly into ketones. Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that promotes the movement of glucose into cells.

 

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Moderate        REF:    p. 902

KEY:   Nursing process: N/A | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Recall