Chapter 29. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Chapter 29. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____     1.   The movement of fluid from extracellular to intracellular compartments is most dependent upon which of the following?

A.	Age
B.	Water intake
C.	Potassium balance
D.	Percentage of body fat

 

 

____     2.   Which of the following body processes is an example of diffusion?

A.	The movement of oxygen into the blood.
B.	The movement of water into the bloodstream after the injection of radiopaque dye.
C.	The movement of blood into a tube during a blood draw.
D.	The movement of fluid out of the bloodstream due to the force of the heart’s contractions.

 

 

____     3.   While preparing for a rotation in the intensive care unit, a student nurse is told in report that the patient is “third spacing.” Which of the following symptoms does the student expect to see?

A.	Elevated body temperature.
B.	Large amounts of dilute urine.
C.	High blood pressure.
D.	Swelling in the extremities.

 

 

____     4.   While caring for a patient with dehydration, the nurse is most likely to include which of the following in the patient’s plan of care?

A.	Chronic pain.
B.	Alteration in body temperature.
C.	Ineffective airway clearance.
D.	Readiness for enhanced coping.

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Fluid movement is most related to water intake.
B	This movement of fluid is controlled by several processes, including osmosis, diffusion, and filtration, all of which are partially related to fluid volume. The volume of fluid is directly affected by the amount of water ingested and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Chapter Objective: Describe the functions, distribution, and regulation of body fluids.
C	Fluid movement is most related to water intake.
D	Fluid movement is most related to water intake.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Chapter: 29 | Page: 647                    OBJ:   Chapter Objective: 29-2

KEY:  Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

 

2. ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	The oxygen concentration would be higher in the lung than it is in the blood, causing it to diffuse across the alveolar membrane into the bloodstream. Chapter Objective: Describe the functions, distribution, and regulation of body fluids.
B	This is due to osmosis.
C	This is due to a negative pressure.
D	This is due to capillary pressures.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Chapter: 29 | Page: 648                    OBJ:   Chapter Objective: 29-2

KEY:  Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Evaluation | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

3. ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	This is generally due to an infectious process.
B	Less urine output is generally seen when a patient is third spacing.
C	The blood pressure is usually lowered.
D	The effects of third spacing include the following: Lowers the volume of the blood, thereby lowering the blood pressure, and increases the volume of fluid in the interstitial spaces, possibly causing excessive edema. Chapter Objectives: Define key terms associated with fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Identify key assessment findings of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Chapter: 29 | Page: 649

OBJ:   Chapter Objectives: 29-1| Chapter Objectives: 29-9

KEY:  Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

 

4. ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Chronic pain is not associated with dehydration.
B	When patients are dehydrated, they can lose the ability to regulate their own temperature; fever may result. Chapter Objective: Restate key areas of concern for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
C	Airway clearance is not generally affected by dehydration, although mucous membranes may be more dry.
D	This is a psychosocial problem and therefore not the highest priority; there is no consistent connection between dehydration and poor coping.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Chapter: 29 | Page: 649                    OBJ:   Chapter Objective: 29-11

KEY:   Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application