Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 3- Concepts of Altered Health in Older Adults
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Of the following aging theory examples, which one supports the nonstochastic beliefs about aging? | |
| A) | Mitochondrial DNA damage has accumulated to such a level that the person has physiological symptoms of declining health. | |
| B) | Oxidative free radicals result in by-products that react with DNA to lead to cellular damage. | |
| C) | The wear-and-tear theory of aging states that accumulated damage to vital parts of cells leads to cellular aging and death. | |
| D) | Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been associated with increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Nonstochastic theories focus on genetic influences that determine physical condition, occurrence of disease, age of death, cause of death, and other factors contributing to longevity. Many genes that are associated with the human life span are not “longevity genes,” per se. For example, because mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase mortality rates associated with breast and ovarian cancer, they are rare among long-lived women. The mitochondrial DNA damage theory, oxidative free radical theory, and wear-and-tear theory are all stochastic theories of aging. | ||
| 2. | A community health nurse is working with an 81-year-old female client who states that she has made a concerted effort throughout her life to protect her skin from the sun and regularly applies topical moisturizers. The client is lamenting the fact that her skin’s appearance has nonetheless deteriorated in recent years. Which of the following statements best captures a fact that the nurse should take into consideration when crafting a response to the client? | |
| A) | The epidermal layer of the skin inevitably thins as part of the normal aging process, lending a transparent appearance to the skin. | |
| B) | Skin becomes weaker and less elastic in older adults because of the rearrangement of fibrin and keratin. | |
| C) | Skin becomes more fragile and prone to hematomas because of impaired vascularity. | |
| D) | Output of sebaceous glands declines, with accompanying reductions in sweat production. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Impaired vascularity and cellularity cause the skin of older adults to be prone to subcutaneous bleeding, resulting in senile purpura. The dermal, rather than epidermal, layer becomes thinner, and weakness is a result of collagen rearrangement rather than fibrin. Sebaceous glands produce sebum not sweat. | ||
| 3. | A physiotherapist (PT) at an assisted living facility for older adults is leading an exercise class for the residents. Part of the PT’s introductory class is an explanation of the health problems that can be mitigated by physical activity and those that are considered inevitabilities of the aging process. Which of the following phenomena would the PT most justifiably characterize as modifiable? | |
| A) | Reduction in density of the trabecular bone | |
| B) | Gradual decline in physical reaction time | |
| C) | Overall reduction in muscle strength | |
| D) | Decline in height | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While a general reduction in muscle strength is a normal, age-related change, this can be slowed significantly by regular physical activity. Loss of bone density in the trabecular bone, decreases in reaction time, and loss of height are less modifiable. | ||
| 4. | While taking BP for a new geriatric patient, the nurse notes that his BP is 162/70. When questioned by the nurse, the patient states, “That’s a pretty good BP for me. My upper number is usually higher.” Based on this finding, the nurse should further collect data related to which of the following body systems? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Detailed history surrounding cardiac events like chest pain or pressure | |
| B) | Any paresthesia in limbs or noticeable facial drooping | |
| C) | Decrease in urine output with increase in edema in the feet/legs | |
| D) | Noticeable change in skin color (yellow), especially around the abdominal area | |
| E) | Painless lumps palpated on his neck and cervical spine | |
| Ans: | A, B, C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| An elevation in systolic BP accompanied by a normotensive diastolic pressure causes a dramatic increase in pulse pressure. Thus, aggressive treatment of systolic hypertension is recommended and has been shown to demonstrate a reduction in stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and other complications. | ||
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