Chapter 3: Epidemiology and Nursing Practice

Chapter 3: Epidemiology and Nursing Practice

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. John Snow, considered the founder of epidemiology, realized the source of the London’s cholera epidemic through:

A.	A residential pattern of death
B.	Mapping of the food supply
C.	Interviewing the families of the sick
D.	Performing autopsies

 

 

ANS:  A

Objective: 7. Explain behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors that have an impact on health.

1. 59

Heading: Introduction > Historical Beginnings

Integrated Processes: N/A

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Safety; Infection

Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback
A	Snow developed a frequency distribution of the number of human deaths by placing hash marks on a city street map and realized a cluster of deaths occurred near the Broad Street water pump.
B	Snow developed a frequency distribution of the number of human deaths and found that they were clustered around the Broad Street water pump, not the food supply.
C	Snow developed a frequency distribution of the number of human deaths; he did not interview the families of the sick.
D	Snow developed a frequency distribution of the number of human deaths; he did not perform autopsies.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Safety | Infection

 

2. The history and development of epidemiology has gone through several developmental phases. The public health nursing student learns that these phases came about in history in what order?

A.	Risk factor phase, infectious disease phase, and sanitary phase
B.	Infectious disease phase, risk factor phase, and sanitary phase
C.	Sanitary phase, infectious disease phase, and risk factor phase
D.	Agent phase, host phase, and environment phase

 

 

ANS:  C

Objective: 7. Explain behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors that have an impact on health.

1. 59

Heading: Introduction > Historical Beginnings

Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Infection; Safety

Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback
A	The first phase, the sanitary phase, was due to the theory that sanitation needed to be improved to aid health. During the next phase, the infectious disease phase, germ theory was developed and antibiotics came into production. The third phase, the risk factor phase, turned to reducing risk for disease and prevention.
B	The first phase, the sanitary phase, was due to the theory that sanitation needed to be improved to aid health. During the next phase, the infectious disease phase, germ theory was developed and antibiotics came into production. The third phase, the risk factor phase, turned to reducing risk for disease and prevention.
C	The first phase, the sanitary phase, was due to the theory that sanitation needed to be improved to aid health. During the next phase, the infectious disease phase, germ theory was developed and antibiotics came into production. The third phase, the risk factor phase, turned to reducing risk for disease and prevention.
D	The agent, host, and environment model is the Epidemiology Triangle, which is the model used to explaining the occurrence of disease.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Infection | Safety

 

3. A public health nurse (PHN) is asked by the hospital administration to find out why there are so many pediatric asthma patients coming to the ER for treatment and to develop a plan to reduce admissions by 10%. The nurse needs to untangle the multiple risk factors involved in order to determine what type of intervention should be developed, so he or she uses:

A.	Descriptive data analysis
B.	The ecological model
C.	Demography
D.	The web of causation

 

 

ANS:  D

Objective: 7. Explain behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors that have an impact on health.

1. 63

Heading: Introduction > Web of Causation

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Oxygenation; Critical Thinking; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

	Feedback
A	Descriptive data analysis is the first step in the analysis of demographic data. It analyses the accuracy of the data, but does not look at risk factors.
B	The ecological model is used to design health promotions to maintain and improve health and evaluate behaviors. It is not used to visualize risk factors.
C	Demography is the population-level study of person-related variables or factors. It is used to understand population-level patterns related to health phenomena. This may be helpful, but it does not consider the other levels of risk factors.
D	The web of causation is a framework that demonstrates the complexity of the multiple factors of illness, injury, and disease, which are determined by multiple causes.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Oxygenation | Critical Thinking | Promoting Health

 

4. If a nurse takes the number of new cases of a disease or illness among the contacts of initial (primary) cases and divides it by the number of people in the population at risk, he or she is calculating the:

A.	Prevalence
B.	Incidence
C.	Secondary attack rate
D.	Attack rate

 

 

ANS:  C

Objective: 5. Apply basic biostatistical methods to analyze epidemiological data.

1. 65-70

Heading: Tools of Epidemiology: Demography and Biostatistics > Biostatistics

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Assessment; Infection

Difficulty: Moderate

	Feedback
A	The prevalence is the total number of accumulated cases of a disease or illness, both new and preexisting, at a given time.
B	Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease of illness at a specific time or over a specific period of time.
C	Secondary attack rate is calculated this way. It is essentially the number of contacts of the initially ill who are now ill.
D	Attack rate is calculated by placing the total number of ill or diseased people in the numerator and dividing by the total number of ill plus well people in the susceptible population.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Assessment | Infection