Chapter 3: Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing

Chapter 3: Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Question 1

The nursing student developing a presentation on the early history of nursing is not able to find much information about this period. Why is the nurse unable to find any information?

1. There were not many nurses, so only the sickest people received nursing care.
2. Many of those providing care to the sick were slaves.
3. Only men provided health information and care.
4. Only the wealthiest of patients were provided nursing care.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: In early history, nursing care was often provided by female slaves. Mothers, daughters, and wives also provided care to family members during illness. This care was provided both in wealthy families and in poor families.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: III.A.4. Describe reliable sources for locating evidence reports and clinical practice guidelines.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.6. Explore the impact of socio-cultural, economic, legal, and political factors influencing healthcare delivery and practice.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Practice; Employ brainstorming techniques; Internalize a questioning pattern of thought.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the historical development of nursing from ancient times to the present.

Page Number: p. 39

Question 2

What was the earliest documentation of law governing the practice of medicine?

1. The Code of Hammurabi
2. The writings of Hippocrates
3. The Ebers papyrus
4. The Mosaic Code

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: The earliest documentation of law governing the practice of medicine is the Code of Hammurabi, attributed to the Babylonians and dating to 1900 bc. Hippocrates, who is considered the father of medicine, lived about 360 bc; the Ebers papyrus dates to approximately 1550 bc; the Mosaic Code is from the ancient Hebrew culture, probably around 1400 bc.

Cognitive Level: Remembering

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: III.A.4. Describe reliable sources for locating evidence reports and clinical practice guidelines.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.6. Explore the impact of socio-cultural, economic, legal, and political factors influencing healthcare delivery and practice.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Practice; Employ brainstorming techniques; Internalize a questioning pattern of thought.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the historical development of nursing from ancient times to the present.

Page Number: p. 39

Question 3

Which statement describes the significance of the Mosaic Code in the history of health care?

1. The code outlined policy and procedure for early surgical interventions.
2. Early nurses ascribed to the code as a part of their registration process.
3. Public health was improved by this first sanitary legislation.
4. This code provided strict educational requirements for physicians.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: The Mosaic Code is considered the first sanitary legislation and contains the first record of requirements to improve public health. The code, which covered every aspect of individual, family, and community health, differentiated between clean and unclean. The code did not provide policy for surgical interventions or outline education requirements. Nurses were not “registered” at this time in history.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Safety and Infection Control

QSEN Competencies: I.A.4. Examine how the safety, quality, and cost effectiveness of health care can be improved through the active involvement of patients and families.

AACN Essential Competencies: II.7. Promote factors that create a culture of safety and caring.

NLN Competencies: Quality and Safety; Ethical Comportment; Commit to a generative safety culture.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the historical development of nursing from ancient times to the present.

Page Number: p. 39

Question 4

Which option supports the way Hippocrates viewed disease?

1. A mystical connection between the body and the stars causes disease.
2. Diseases are the result of being a victim of black magic and spells.
3. Disease is caused by naturally occurring factors.
4. Evil thoughts and deeds cause disease.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Hippocrates is considered to be the father of medicine. He believed that disease had a natural cause, in contrast to the magical and mystical causes that had been thought to cause disease by priests and witch doctors. He did not believe disease was caused by evil thoughts and deeds.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Safety and Infection Control

QSEN Competencies: I.A.4. Examine how the safety, quality, and cost effectiveness of health care can be improved through the active involvement of patients and families.

AACN Essential Competencies: II.7. Promote factors that create a culture of safety and caring.

NLN Competencies: Quality and Safety; Ethical Comportment; Commit to a generative safety culture.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the historical development of nursing from ancient times to the present.

Page Number: p. 40

Question 5

What is the significance of Rufaidah in the development of nursing?

1. She is believed to have started the first nursing school in Islam.
2. She was a Knight Hospitaller of St. John.
3. She started the Parabolani Brotherhood.
4. After converting to Christianity, she started hospitals in Palestine.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: Rufaidah is identified as the first nurse in Islam and started the first nursing school in Islam. The need for women care providers in the Islamic world is dictated by the custom of purdah, which makes it difficult for women to receive care from men and for men to receive care from women other than their family members. The Knights Hospitallers of St. John was a male religious order during the Middle Ages and was not associated with Rufaidah. The Parabolani Brotherhood was a group of men that provided care to the sick and dying in Rome during the third century and were not associated with Rufaidah. The person who converted to Christianity and started hospitals in Palestine was Paula, not Rufaidah.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: I.A.4. Examine how the safety, quality, and cost effectiveness of health care can be improved through the active involvement of patients and families.

AACN Essential Competencies: II.7. Promote factors that create a culture of safety and caring.

NLN Competencies: Quality and Safety; Ethical Comportment; Commit to a generative safety culture.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Discuss the role of religion in the development of nursing.

Page Number: p. 40