Chapter 3: Theories and Therapies

Chapter 3: Theories and Therapies

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, “My child refuses toilet training and shouts, ‘No!’ when given direction. What do you think is wrong?” Select the nurse’s best reply.

ANS:  A

These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The remaining options indicate the child’s behavior is abnormal.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Pages: 28-30

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation     MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, “No!” when given directions. Using Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, a nurse would assess the child’s behavior is based on which stage?

ANS:  B

In Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, the anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has, as its focus, toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year, the phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between 13 and 20 years.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   Pages: 28-30

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, “No!” when given direction. The nurse’s counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Erikson’s psychosocial crises?

ANS:  D

The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is related to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   Pages: 28-30

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. A 4-year-old child grabs toys from siblings, saying, “I want that toy now!” The siblings cry, and the child’s parent becomes upset with the behavior. Using the Freudian theory, a nurse can interpret the child’s behavior as a product of impulses originating in the:

ANS:  A

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the parent’s wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as “not nice.” The preconscious is a level of awareness.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Pages: 28-30

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance