Chapter 30--Assessment of Respiratory Function

Chapter 30–Assessment of Respiratory Function

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A client is experiencing the ventilation-perfusion mismatch termed shunting. The nurse realizes that the client most likely is not experiencing which of the following disorders?

ANS:  4

Shunting is the portion of the cardiac output that does not exchange with alveolar air. Examples of shunting include hemothorax, pneumothorax, and intrapulmonary fistulas. Pulmonary embolus is the other type of ventilation-perfusion mismatch called dead space.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Ventilation-Perfusion Dysfunction

2. A client has a slight shift to the left on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Which of the following assessment findings will support this curve configuration?

ANS:  4

Factors that cause increased affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left. These factors include alkalemia and hypothermia. Arterial pH less than 7.35, increased leaves of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and hyperthermia indicate a shift to the right, not the left.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

3. A client, experiencing an acid-base imbalance, demonstrates signs of full compensation within 3 days. The nurse realizes that the full compensation was accomplished by which of the following systems?

ANS:  4

The extracellular and intracellular buffer systems act immediately, the pulmonary system acts within 2 to 3 hours, and the renal system responds within 2 to 3 days.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Compensatory Mechanisms

4. A client with a nasogastric tube connected to low continuous suction has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.49, PaO₂ 91, PaCO₂ 42, and HCO₃ 31. Interpreting these result, the nurse concludes that the client is in:

ANS:  2

Because the pH is greater than 7.45, this is not an acidosis. The PaCO₂ is within normal limits. The HCO₃ is elevated. An elevated pH and HCO₃ indicates metabolic alkalosis.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

5. A client is demonstrating signs of respiratory alkalosis. The nurse realizes that this alteration is least likely caused by which of the following?

ANS:  1

Diarrhea is a cause of metabolic acidosis. Causes of the respiratory alkalosis are hypoxia, increased minute ventilation, hyperventilation, pregnancy, fever, pain, and severe anemia.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Table 30-1 Causes of Acid-Base Imbalances