Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 30- Disorders of Blood Flow in the Systemic Circulation
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | If a virus has caused inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction, an excessive amount of endothelins in the blood can result in | |
| A) | arterial wall weakening resulting in aneurysm formation. | |
| B) | release of excess fatty plaque causing numerous pulmonary emboli. | |
| C) | contraction of the underlying smooth muscles within the vessels. | |
| D) | overproduction of growth factors resulting in new vessel production. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Endothelial dysfunction describes several types of potentially reversible changes in endothelial function that occur in response to environmental stimuli. Inducers of endothelial dysfunction include cytokines, bacterial, viral, and parasitic products that cause inflammation. They also influence the reactivity of underlying smooth muscle cells through production of both relaxing factors (nitric oxide) and contracting factors (e.g., endothelins). | ||
| 2. | A nursing instructor is explaining the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in relation to increases in systemic circulation. During discussion, which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for contraction of the entire muscle cell layer thus resulting in decreased vessel lumen radius? | |
| A) | Nitric oxide | |
| B) | Adrenal glands | |
| C) | Fibroblast growth factor | |
| D) | Norepinephrine | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Nerve cells and circulating hormones are responsible for vasoconstriction of the vessel walls. Because they do not enter the tunica media of the blood vessel, the nerves do not synapse directly on the smooth muscle cells. Instead, they release the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, which diffuses into the media and acts on the nearby smooth muscle cells, resulting in contraction of the entire muscle cell layer and thus reducing the radius of the vessel lumen. This increases the systemic circulation. | ||
| 3. | A 55-year-old male who is beginning to take a statin drug for his hypercholesterolemia is discussing cholesterol and its role in health and illness with his physician. Which of the following aspects of hyperlipidemia would the physician most likely take into account when teaching the patient? | |
| A) | Hyperlipidemia is a consequence of diet and lifestyle rather than genetics. | |
| B) | HDL cholesterol is often characterized as being beneficial to health. | |
| C) | Cholesterol is a metabolic waste product that the liver is responsible for clearing. | |
| D) | The goal of medical treatment is to eliminate cholesterol from the vascular system. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Because it transports cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery, HDL is associated with increased health and lowered risk of atherosclerosis. Genetics play a role in hyperlipidemia, and it is inaccurate to characterize cholesterol as a waste product. Cholesterol is necessary for several physiological processes, and complete elimination is neither realistic nor desirable. | ||
| 4. | Which of the following patients will likely experience difficulty in maintaining lipoprotein synthesis resulting in elevated LDL levels? | |
| A) | A 55-year-old male admitted for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | |
| B) | A 44-year-old female admitted for hysterectomy due to cervical cancer with metastasis | |
| C) | A 35-year-old patient with a history of hepatitis C and B with end-stage liver disease | |
| D) | A 27-year-old patient with pancreatitis related to alcohol abuse | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| There are two sites of lipoprotein synthesis—the small intestine and the liver. The liver synthesizes and releases VLDL and HDL. IDL are taken to the liver and recycled to form VLDL or converted to LDL in the vascular compartment. Liver disease will result in this mechanism not working as expected. COPD, cervical cancer, and pancreatitis are not involved in elevated LDL levels. | ||
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