Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 31- Mechanisms of Endocrine Control
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | When comparing the endocrine and nervous system functions, the nurse knows that the endocrine system: Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Sends signals to neurons over a short distance to muscles | |
| B) | Responds to neurotransmitter molecules within milliseconds | |
| C) | Releases hormones into the blood that is transported throughout the body | |
| D) | Glands are widely scattered throughout the body | |
| E) | Takes longer to respond to innervations but has prolonged actions when they arrive | |
| Ans: | C, D, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones as a means of controlling the flow of information between the different tissues and organs of the body. It does not act alone, however, but interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells. Hormones regulate and integrate body functions. Hormones act on specific target cells, but they cause a variety of effects on tissues. Hormones do not transport other substances; hormones are transported and present in body fluids at all times. The endocrine system uses hormones released into the blood and transported throughout the body to influence the activity of body tissues. Tissue and organ responses to endocrine hormones tend to take much longer than the response to neurotransmitters, but once initiated, they tend to be much more prolonged than those induced by the nervous system. The glands of the endocrine system are widely scattered throughout the body. | ||
| 2. | Paracrine action involves which of the following characteristics? | |
| A) | Action on a distant target cell | |
| B) | Autoregulation | |
| C) | Act locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone | |
| D) | Action on nearby target cells | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| When hormones act locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone, the action is called paracrine. Paracrine action is not synonymous with autoregulation, and action on the same cells that produced the hormone is autocrine action. | ||
| 3. | While teaching a science class, the instructor mentions that both autocrine and paracrine hormonal actions occur without entering the blood stream. The instructor then asks the students, “What cells do paracrine actions affect?” The student with the correct answer is: | |
| A) | Self | |
| B) | Local | |
| C) | Stored | |
| D) | Target | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Paracrine actions are hormonal interactions with local cells other than those that produce the hormone; autocrine actions are with self-cells (cells from which they were produced). Both autocrine and paracrine hormonal actions affect target cells. Neither paracrine nor autocrine actions affect cell storage. | ||
| 4. | The release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its further release from the same cells. This is an example of which type of hormone action? | |
| A) | Retinoid | |
| B) | Autocrine | |
| C) | Juxtaposed | |
| D) | Arachidonic | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Hormones can exert autocrine action on the cells from which they were produced. Retinoids are compounds with hormone-like actions. Juxtacrine action involves a chemical messenger imbedded in a plasma membrane that interacts with a specific receptor on a juxtaposed cell. Arachidonic acid is a precursor for eicosanoid compounds (similar to retinoids). | ||
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