CHAPTER 31: SENSORY ALTERATIONS

CHAPTER 31: SENSORY ALTERATIONS

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following structures of the ear equalizes pressure between the outer and middle ear?

a.	eustachian tube	c.	semicircular canal
b.	fluid-filled cochlea	d.	tympanic membrane

 

 

ANS:  A

 

	Feedback
A	Correct. The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. It allows fluid to drain into the nasopharynx and equalizes pressure between the outer and middle ear.
B	Incorrect. The fluid-filled cochlea does not equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear. The nerve endings in the inner ear are contained in the fluid-filled cochlea which transmits sound waves to the auditory nerve in the brain.
C	Incorrect. The semicircular canal in the inner ear maintains balance and body position.
D	Incorrect. The tympanic membrane (eardrum) vibrates to conduct sound waves to the 3 bones in the middle ear.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1050 – Hearing Impairment

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

2. Which of the following structural differences between children and adults predisposes children to middle ear infections?

a.	The fluid-filled cochlea is less developed in children than in adults.
b.	Children have shorter, more horizontal, and more flaccid eustachian tubes.
c.	The outer ear of children is shorter and has fewer barriers, such as hair, in the ear.
d.	The semicircular canals are straighter and shorter in a child’s ear.

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. Children do not have less developed fluid-filled cochlea than adults.
B	Correct. The structural differences between children and adults that predispose children to middle ear infections is that children have shorter, more horizontal, and more flaccid eustachian tubes.
C	Incorrect. Having shorter outer ears with fewer barriers, such as hair, in the ear does not predispose children to middle ear infections.
D	Incorrect. The semicircular canals are not straighter and shorter in a child’s ear.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1050 – Hearing Impairment

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Application

 

3. The nurse assessing infants is aware that an infant will not have tears until the lacrimal gland begins to function at about how many months of age?

a.	8 to 9	c.	4 to 5
b.	6 to 7	d.	1 to 3

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The lacrimal gland begins to function at 1 to 3 months of age, not 8 to 9.
B	Incorrect. The lacrimal gland begins to function at 1 to 3 months of age, not 6 to 7.
C	Incorrect. The lacrimal gland begins to function at 1 to 3 months of age, not 4 to 5.
D	Correct. An infant will not have tears until the lacrimal gland begins to function at 1 to 3 months of age.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1050 – Speech and Language

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Comprehension

 

4. Why does the nurse advise a new mother to talk to her baby while the baby is awake?

a.	to assure the baby that the mother is present and attending to the baby’s needs
b.	because babies learn receptive language first and have an understanding of language before they can speak
c.	to soothe the baby and help the baby to remain calm
d.	because the baby must learn baby talk before speaking words

 

 

ANS:  B

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. A new mother might talk to her baby while the baby is awake to assure the infant that the mother is present and attending to her or his needs. However, that is not the major reason.
B	Correct. The nurse advises a new mother to talk to her baby while the baby is awake because babies learn receptive language first and have an understanding of language before they can speak. Language development involves two inter-related processes: receptive language (understanding what others say to you) and expressive language (the ability to speak verbally in a way that others can understand). Children learn receptive language first; therefore, they can understand more than they can verbalize.
C	Incorrect. A new mother may talk to her baby while the baby is awake to soothe and calm the infant, but that is not the major rationale.
D	Incorrect. A baby does not need to learn baby talk before speaking words. In fact, caregivers should use correct language then talking to their infant. They should not use “baby talk”.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1051 – Hearing Impairment

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Application

 

5. The nurse working with parents of children who stutter will hear from parents a number of beliefs, some of which are true and some of which are false or challenged by research. Which of the following beliefs is true and will be encouraged by the nurse?

a.	Children who stutter are not as bright as children who do not stutter.
b.	A child who stutters can control the stuttering if he or she tries.
c.	Stuttering is primarily an emotional disorder.
d.	Stuttering is normal between the ages of 2 and 4.

 

 

ANS:  D

 

	Feedback
A	Incorrect. The belief that children who stutter are not as bright as children who do not stutter is false.
B	Incorrect. The belief that a child who stutters can control the stuttering if he or she tries is false.
C	Incorrect. The belief that stuttering is primarily an emotional disorder is false.
D	Correct. The belief that stuttering is normal between the ages of 2 and 4 is true and should be encouraged by the nurse.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 1052 – Hearing Impairment

OBJ:   Cognitive Level: Application