Chapter 31: The Musculoskeletal System

Chapter 31: The Musculoskeletal System

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse is discussing actions that can be taken to best prevent osteoporosis with a patient. Which information should the nurse include?

a.	Take an extra calcium supplement.
b.	Eat a balanced diet.
c.	Exercise throughout life.
d.	Increase daily intake of milk products.

 

 

ANS:  C

A lifetime of even mild daily exercise will delay or prevent osteoporosis.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   720

OBJ:   4 (theory)       TOP:   Osteoporosis: Supplement

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

2. What does goniometry measure?

a.	Bone strength
b.	Muscle density
c.	Muscle strength
d.	Range-of-motion (ROM)

 

 

ANS:  D

Goniometry measures joint mobility, described as the number of degrees that the joint can move from the 0-degree mark.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   721

OBJ:   2 (clinical)      TOP:   Goniometry: Joint Mobility

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort

 

3. Positioning and range-of-motion (ROM) exercises most help the immobilized patient to prevent which complication?

a.	Increased pain
b.	Contractures
c.	Pressure ulcers
d.	Compromised circulation

 

 

ANS:  B

Although positioning may help decrease pain and increase circulation, anatomical alignment and ROM exercises are most helpful in preventing contractures in the immobilized patient. Pressure ulcers are prevented by frequent position changes.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   728

OBJ:   2 (clinical)      TOP:   Contractures: Prevention

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Planning        MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. The nurse adds interventions for range-of-motion (ROM) and isometric exercises for the new patient with a stroke. The nurse’s reasoning stems from her awareness that contracture formation may begin with how many days of immobilization?

a.	1 day
b.	2 days
c.	3 days
d.	10 days

 

 

ANS:  C

Contracture-related muscle changes occur as early as 3 days of immobilization.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   731

OBJ:   2 (clinical)      TOP:   Process of Contracture Formation: Time Frame

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Planning        MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

5. If muscles are not regularly stretched and contracted, how will the muscles be effected?

a.	Muscles will become longer and flexed.
b.	Muscles will become fibrosed and spastic.
c.	Muscles will become shorter and less elastic.
d.	Muscles will become shorter and painful.

 

 

ANS:  C

The formation of contractures (shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity), loss of muscle tone, and fixation of joints can be prevented in most cases by consistent nursing intervention. The major components of the intervention are gradual mobilization, an exercise program, proper positioning, and instruction of the patient and family. Within a matter of a few days, the structures of immobilized muscles and joints begin to undergo changes. If no effort is made to prevent these changes, the patient will become permanently disabled.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   731

OBJ:   2 (clinical)      TOP:   Immobility: Effect on Muscles

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance