Chapter: 33. Activity and Exercise

Chapter: 33. Activity and Exercise

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____       1.   A 15-year-old patient complains of left ankle pain after being tackled while playing football. He asks the nurse what tests he needs to have to determine if he has a strain or a fracture. How should the nurse reply?

1)

“You don’t need an x-ray; I can tell by the way your ankle looks and feels whether you have a strain or fracture.”

2)

“Sprains, strains, and fractures have similar symptoms at first; you will need an x-ray of the joint to be certain.”

3)

“We will need to get a venous Doppler study to make sure that there is not a fracture.”

4)

“First, we need to get an MRI to diagnose your injury as a fracture instead of strain or sprain.”

ANS:       2

Signs and symptoms associated with a sprain, strain, or fracture are the same. An x-ray allows the medical provider to visually observe for any breaks in a bone. An x-ray is a more practical than an MRI to diagnose a fracture. A venous or arterial Doppler is used to detect blood flow.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Easy                REF:       p. 1136

KEY:   Nursing process: Interventions | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Application

____       2.   The nurse planning the care for a frail, malnourished, immobile patient recognizes which of the following as the best treatment to protect the patient’s integument?

1)

Offering the patient six small meals a day

2)

Assisting the patient to sit in a chair three times a day

3)

Turning the patient at least every 2 hours

4)

Administering fluid boluses as directed by the healthcare provider

ANS:       3

External pressure from lying or sitting in one position compresses capillaries and obstructs blood flow to the skin. Immobile patients confined to a bed should be turned at least every 2 hours to protect their skin and relieve pressure.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Easy                REF:    p. 1137

KEY:   Nursing process: Planning | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Comprehension

____       3.   What action is most important in limiting the nurse’s risk of back injuries?

1)

Use good body mechanics at all times.

2)

Work with another nurse or an aide when lifting and turning patients.

3)

Avoid manual lifting by using assistive devices as often as possible.

4)

Develop a lift team at the clinical site.

ANS:       3

Back injuries are the leading cause of injury among nurses. Good body mechanics and teamwork limit the risk of injury. However, the American Nurses Association’s (ANA) Handle with Care program advocates the regular use of assistive devices as well as avoiding manual lifting.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Difficult          REF:    p. 1128

KEY:   Nursing process: Interventions | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Analysis

____       4.   The nurse is helping the patient to perform leg exercises after surgery to prevent thrombophlebitis. Which type of muscle is the patient using for these exercises?

1)

Skeletal

2)

Smooth

3)

Cardiac

4)

Slow-twitch fibers

ANS:       1

Skeletal muscle moves the bones with ligaments. Smooth muscle is found in the digestive tract and other hollow structures, such as the blood vessels and bladder. Cardiac muscle contracts spontaneously and is blood ejected out of the heart. Slow-twitch fibers are a subtype of skeletal muscle cell. Slow-twitch fibers (type I), or “red” muscle, have a rich blood supply and are rich in mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell) to give the muscle more oxygen and energy to sustain aerobic activity. The fast-twitch fibers (type II skeletal muscle type) are known as “white” muscle. These fibers increase the speed of muscle contraction.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Easy                REF:    p. 1120

KEY:   Nursing process: Interventions | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Application

____       5.   A nurse is caring for a 25-year-old male quadriplegic patient. Which of the following treatments would the nurse perform to decrease the risk of joint contracture and promote joint mobility?

1)

Active ROM

2)

Turning the patient every 2 hours

3)

Passive ROM

4)

Administering glucosamine supplements

ANS:       3

Passive ROM involves moving the joints through their ROM when the patient is unable to do so for himself. Passive ROM promotes joint mobility. Active ROM would not be possible for a quadriplegic patient. Turning the patient every 2 hours prevents skin breakdown but does not promote mobility or prevent contracture. Glucosamine is a building block for the formation and repair of cartilage. However, there is inconclusive, scientific evidence regarding the benefit of this substance to improve joint function.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Moderate

REF:     pp. 1122, 1151; higher-order item, answer can be derived from text

KEY:   Nursing process: Interventions | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Application