Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation?

a.	Fourth and seventh weeks	c.	Twelfth and fourteenth weeks
b.	Eighth and tenth weeks	d.	Fifteenth and seventeenth weeks

 

 

ANS:  A

Cardiogenesis begins at approximately 3 weeks’ gestation; however, most cardiovascular development occurs between 4 and 7 weeks’ gestation.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1194

 

2. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?

a.	Right-to-left blood shunting	c.	Blood flow from the umbilical cord
b.	Left-to-right blood shunting	d.	Blood flow to the lungs

 

 

ANS:  A

The nonfused septum secundum and ostium secundum result in the formation of a flapped orifice known as the foramen ovale, which allows the right-to-left shunting necessary for fetal circulation. The foramen ovale is not involved in the blood flow described by the other options.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 1195-1196

 

3. At birth, which statement is true?

a.	Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.
b.	Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.
c.	Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.
d.	Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.

 

 

ANS:  B

From the available options, the only change that takes place in the circulation at birth is the shift of gas exchange from the placenta to the lungs.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1197

 

4. When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to increase?

a.	One month before birth
b.	During the beginning stage of labor
c.	One hour after birth
d.	Once the placenta is removed from circulation

 

 

ANS:  D

The low-resistance placenta is removed from circulation, which causes an immediate increase in systemic vascular resistance to approximately twice of that before birth.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1197

 

5. Which event triggers congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart failure?

a.	Right-to-left shunts	c.	Obstructive lesions
b.	Left-to-right shunts	d.	Mixed lesions

 

 

ANS:  B

Congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart failure usually involve left-to-right shunts (see Table 33-4). Acyanotic congestive heart failure does not involve any of the other options.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 1201-1202 | Table 33-4