Introductory Medical Surgical Nursing 11th Edition by Barbara K. Tim
Introductory Medical Surgical Nursing 11th Edition by Barbara K. Tim
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Chapter 33, Introduction to the Immune System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response? | |
| A) | Toxins of invading antigens are neutralized. | |
| B) | The invading antigens link together (agglutination). | |
| C) | The invading antigens precipitate. | |
| D) | T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| During a cell-mediated response, T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. For example, a cell-mediated response occurs when an organ is transplanted. Immunoglobulins hinder the antigens physically by neutralizing their toxins through agglutination or by causing them to precipitate. | ||
| 2. | You are the clinic nurse caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of HIV. You are preparing to draw blood for a confirmatory diagnostic test on this client. What is the most important action that the nurse should perform before testing a client for HIV? | |
| A) | Advise the client to avoid excess fluid intake. | |
| B) | Advise the client to abstain from having intercourse. | |
| C) | Advise the client to take off any ornaments and metallic objects. | |
| D) | Obtain a written consent from the client. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| It is important that the nurse obtain written consent from the client before performing an HIV test and keep the results of HIV test confidential. The nurse may not ask the client to avoid excess fluid intake or abstain from intercourse before the tests. The client also need not take off ornaments and metallic objects worn unless they are likely to interfere with the test results. | ||
| 3. | A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection? | |
| A) | Naturally acquired active immunity | |
| B) | Artificially acquired active immunity | |
| C) | Naturally acquired passive immunity | |
| D) | Artificially acquired passive immunity | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Immunity to measles that develops after the initial infection is an example of naturally acquired active immunity. Artificially acquired active immunity results from the administration of a killed or weakened microorganism or toxoid (attenuated toxin), whereas passive immunity develops when ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible client. | ||
| 4. | You are caring for a client on tube feedings. The physician has ordered Osmolite HN as the feeding formula for the client. The family asks why the physician has ordered Osmolite HN instead of another formula to feed their family member. What is an important reason that tube-feeding formulas, such as Impact, Osmolite HN, or Perative, be recommended to clients? | |
| A) | To suppress immune system function | |
| B) | To block tumor necrosis factor | |
| C) | To enhance the production of lymphocytes and NK cells | |
| D) | To stimulate the immune system to attack tumor cells | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Immune-enhancing tube-feeding formulas enhance the production of lymphocytes and NK cells, resulting in increased cell-mediated immunity. Drugs such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, and muromonab-CD3 suppress immune system function, whereas infliximab and etanercept minimize inflammation by blocking tumor necrosis factor. Aldesleukin is used as biologic therapy for clients who do not respond to conventional cancer treatment. Aldesleukin stimulates the immune system’s ability to attack tumor cells. | ||
| 5. | A 64-year-old male client, who leads a sedentary lifestyle, and a 31-year-old female client, who has a very stressful and active lifestyle, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. As the nurse, you would know that in one of these clients, the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why? | |
| A) | The male client because of his age | |
| B) | The male client because of his lifestyle | |
| C) | The female client because of her age | |
| D) | The female client because of her lifestyle | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Vaccines are less effective in an older adult than in a younger adult because the activity of the immune system declines with the aging process. The lifestyle or gender of the client does not have great implications on the effectiveness of a vaccine. | ||
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