Chapter 33: Nutrition

Chapter 33: Nutrition

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A patient who has high cholesterol asks the nurse if there is a need to limit all fat in the diet to lower cholesterol. What is the nurse’s best response?

ANS:   C

Ingestion of saturated fatty acids appears to increase blood cholesterol levels. Monounsaturated fatty acids appear to lower blood cholesterol levels. Ingestion of unsaturated fatty acids has a minimal effect on blood cholesterol. Saturated fats should be limited to lower cholesterol.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)

REF:    906

OBJ:    Explain the significance of saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated lipids in nutrition. TOP:            Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. The nurse who works on the oncology unit understands the importance of nutrition and the disease process. Which patient should the nurse be most concerned about from a nutritional standpoint?

ANS:   B

Absorbed nutrients are carried to the liver, where major metabolic processes occur. The liver also regulates energy through its control of glucose metabolism. Glucose is the primary fuel for the body. The liver and muscles store glucose in the form of glycogen via a process called glycogenesis. The prostate does not contribute to the digestion system. Cervical cancer does not contribute to digestion but does affect the reproductive system. The colon is used to eliminate solid waste material from the body.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF:    907

OBJ:    Identify nutritional problems and describe a patient at risk for these problems.

TOP:    Nursing Process: Planning                 MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

3. A 14-year old patient with cancer is concerned about diet, and questions the need for vitamins to supplement the diet. The patient states, “I don’t think my diet alone is providing the upper intake levels (ULs) of vitamins that I need.” What is the best response from the nurse?

ANS:   B

The tolerable UL is the highest level that likely poses no risk for adverse health events. It is not a recommended level of intake. There are four components to the DRIs: estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), adequate intakes (AIs), and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). The EAR is the recommended amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specific body function for 50% of the population based on age and gender. The RDA is the average needs of 98% of the population, not the exact needs of an individual. The AI is the suggested intake for individuals based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intakes by groups and is provided when there is insufficient evidence to set an RDA. “You shouldn’t worry” is false reassurance and should not be used. The patient needs to be educated on not using the ULs as a measure of intake, not that vitamins from food are better than supplements.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF:    908                  OBJ:    Explain dietary guidelines.

TOP:    Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. A student nurse is completing a community health rotation. One of the clients is a pregnant teen. The student nurse has been teaching the client about infant nutrition. Which statement indicates to the student nurse that the client needs additional teaching?

ANS:   C

The baby needs more calories than the mother, so this misinformation needs to be clarified. The woman who is lactating needs 500 kcal/day above the usual allowance because the production of milk increases energy requirements. Infants need an energy intake of approximately 108 kcal/kg of body weight in the first half of infancy and 98 kcal/kg in the second half. Infants need about 100 to 120 mL/kg/day of fluid because a large portion of total body weight is water. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breast milk or formula as the major source of food for up to 1 year in age. Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first 4 to 6 months of life. The benefits of breastfeeding include reduced food allergies and intolerances, fewer infant infections, and easier digestion. In addition, breast milk is convenient, fresh, always the correct temperature, and economical, because it is less expensive than formula. Infants should not have regular cow’s milk during the first year of life. Infants receiving cow’s milk have been found to have lower intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E; and excessive amounts of sodium, potassium, and protein.

PTS:    1                      DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)

REF:    910