Chapter 34: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Chapter 34: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

a.	Nasal turbinates	c.	Cilia
b.	Alveolar macrophages	d.	Irritant receptors on the nares

 

 

ANS:  C

The submucosal glands of the bronchial lining produce mucus, contributing to the mucous blanket that covers the bronchial epithelium. The ciliated epithelial cells rhythmically beat this mucous blanket toward the trachea and pharynx, where it can be swallowed or expectorated by coughing. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the pulmonary defense mechanism described.

 

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2. Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?

a.	Perfusion	c.	Respiration
b.	Ventilation	d.	Diffusion

 

 

ANS:  B

Of the options available, ventilation is the only term used to identify the mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs.

 

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3. When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds?

a.	Left lung	c.	Trachea
b.	Right lung	d.	Carina

 

 

ANS:  B

The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left main bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung rather than the left or any of the other locations listed.

 

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4. Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it:

a.	Extends vertically from the trachea.
b.	Is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus.
c.	Comes into contact with food and drink first.
d.	Is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcate.

 

 

ANS:  A

The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left mainstem bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung rather than the left. The size of both mainstems is equal. The trachea comes into contact with food and drink first, and the carina is the site where the bronchi bifurcate.

 

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5. Air passage among alveoli is collateral and evenly distributed because of the function of which structures?

a.	Type I alveolar cells	c.	Acinus pores
b.	Pores of Kohn	d.	Alveolar pores

 

 

ANS:  B

Tiny passages called pores of Kohn permit some air to pass through the septa from alveolus to alveolus, promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among the alveoli. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the function that allows air passage among alveoli.

 

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