Chapter 34: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Chapter 34: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following terms is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute?

ANS:  D

Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute. Cardiac output = Heart rate ´ Stroke volume. Afterload is the resistance against which the ventricles must pump when ejecting blood (ventricular ejection). A cardiac cycle is the sequential contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in any one contraction.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 1344           TOP:   Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

2. A chest x-ray examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “What will the x-ray show about the heart?” The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will do which of the following?

ANS:  D

Chest x-ray films provide information on the size of the heart and pulmonary blood flow patterns. The bones of the chest are visible on the chest x-ray film, but the heart and blood vessels are also seen. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that allows for evaluation of vascular anatomy outside of the heart. A graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart is provided by electrocardiography.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   p. 1346

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

3. John is a 6-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be which of the following?

ANS:  B

Preoperative teaching should always be directed to the child’s stage of development. The caregivers also benefit from these explanations. The parents may ask additional questions, which should be answered, but the child needs to receive the information based on developmental level. This age-group will not understand in-depth descriptions. School-age children should be prepared close to the time of the cardiac catheterization.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 1349

TOP:   Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC:  Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

4. After returning from cardiac catheterization, the nurse monitors the child’s vital signs. The heart rate should be counted for how many seconds?

ANS:  C

The heart rate is counted for a full minute to determine whether arrhythmias or bradycardia is present. Fifteen to thirty seconds are too short for accurate assessment. Sixty seconds is sufficient to assess heart rate and rhythm.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 1349

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential