Chapter 34: The Urinary System

Chapter 34: The Urinary System

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. An 85-year-old patient was held NPO since midnight last night for diagnostic testing. The procedure is now complete at 10:00 AM. The nurse should:

ANS:  D

Offering small amounts of fluid every hour will rehydrate the older adult without resorting to IV fluids. The older adult has very little fluid reserve and has lost the ability to concentrate the urine; consequently, a long period without fluid intake can cause dehydration.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   768                OBJ:   1 (clinical)

TOP:   Dehydration in the Older Adult        KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

2. The nurse cautions the diabetic patient that ultimately the disease will affect the blood flow through the kidney due to:

ANS:  B

The long-term effect of diabetes is generalized vasoconstriction, which leads many diabetic patients to renal insufficiency and renal failure.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   782                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Renal Insufficiency Related to Diabetes Mellitus

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

3. The nurse explains that when the kidney suffers an autoimmune inflammatory reaction, the glomeruli lose their ability to function effectively, which leads to:

ANS:  A

Glomerulonephritis occurs when the inflammatory process alters the effectiveness of the semipermeable membrane in the glomeruli.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   766                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Glomerulonephritis: Etiology           KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

4. The nurse understands that most often tumors occur in the bladder because the bladder wall is exposed most frequently to:

ANS:  A

Retained carcinogenic agents stay in intimate contact with the bladder wall until excreted in the urine.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   767                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   Bladder Cancer Related to Retained Carcinogens

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

5. When the patient asks why he has so many urinary tract infections (UTIs), the nurse points out that UTIs can result from:

ANS:  A

The urinary tract is very vulnerable to bacterial infection. In the high volume of blood that is filtered by the kidney, there are some bacteria. These bacteria can colonize the kidney, causing an infection. Also, bacteria can easily enter the urinary tract through the urethra, and then the infection may spread up into the kidneys.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   766                OBJ:   2 (theory)

TOP:   UTI: Etiology                                  KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease