Introductory Medical Surgical Nursing 11th Edition by Barbara K. Tim
Introductory Medical Surgical Nursing 11th Edition by Barbara K. Tim
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Chapter 35, Caring for Clients With HIV-AIDS
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise? | |
| A) | Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine. | |
| B) | Encourage large, high-fat meals. | |
| C) | Reduce food intake. | |
| D) | Increase the intake of iron and zinc. | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Diarrhea may subside when the client avoids residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Although eating may seem to cause diarrhea, the client must understand that limiting the intake of food to control diarrhea only exacerbates wasting. The client will tolerate a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and soft or liquid diet better than large, high-fat meals. The client should be advised to avoid large doses of iron and zinc because they can impair the functioning of the immune system. | ||
| 2. | A woman infected with HIV comes into the clinic. What symptoms may be the focus of a medical complaint in women infected with HIV? | |
| A) | Rashes on the face, trunk, palms, and soles | |
| B) | Muscle and joint pain | |
| C) | Gynecologic problems | |
| D) | Weight loss | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| In women with HIV, gynecologic problems, such as abnormal results of Papanicolaou tests, genital warts, pelvic inflammatory disease, and persistent vaginitis may be the focus of a majority of complaints. Acute retroviral syndrome (viremia) may be the chief complaint in one third to more than one half of those infected, not necessarily women. Its manifestations include rashes, muscle and joint pain, and weight loss. | ||
| 3. | A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection? | |
| A) | Limit interactions with people who are not HIV infected. | |
| B) | Limit interactions with people who are already HIV infected. | |
| C) | Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS. | |
| D) | Quit his job and admit himself to a hospital or a cancer treatment center. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The healthcare worker will be tested for HIV at regular intervals and treated with antiretrovirals depending on the results of the tests or the potential for infection. While awaiting the results, the healthcare worker should follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS. The healthcare worker should not limit interactions with either non–HIV-infected or HIV-infected people. In addition, the healthcare worker should not quit and admit himself to a hospital for treatment. Treatment, if required, can begin if the result of the test is positive. | ||
| 4. | A client who is HIV positive is taking zidovudine. Which adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor for in this client? | |
| A) | Anemia and granulocytopenia | |
| B) | Numbness in the extremities | |
| C) | Alterations in the renal function | |
| D) | Pancreatitis | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The most common adverse effects associated with the administration of zidovudine are anemia and granulocytopenia. The drug does not cause numbness in the extremities, alterations in the renal function, or pancreatitis. | ||
| 5. | A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has orders for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client? | |
| A) | Avoid any physical contact with the client. | |
| B) | Avoid cleaning up spilled urine and feces. | |
| C) | Wear barrier garments for as long as possible after leaving a client’s room. | |
| D) | Transport the specimens of body fluids in leak-proof containers. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client, the nurse should transport these specimens in leak-proof containers. The nurse need not avoid physical contact with the client or cleaning the client’s urine or stools. On the other hand, the nurse can use utility gloves and barrier garments, such as face shields and glasses. These objects should be removed, cleaned, and disinfected soon after leaving a client’s room. | ||
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