Chapter 35: HIV- and AIDS-Related Drugs

Chapter 35: HIV- and AIDS-Related Drugs

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse is caring for a 55-year-old patient who has been HIV-infected for 15 years. The nurse understands that this patient

a.	has an increased risk of transmitting the HIV infection.
b.	is less likely to develop AIDS than younger persons with HIV infection.
c.	is less likely to respond to antiretroviral agents.
d.	may have comorbid illnesses that can complicate HIV.

 

 

ANS:  D

Older HIV-infected patients may have age-related comorbid illness that can complicate management of HIV infection.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Understanding (Comprehension)    REF:   Page 470

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pathophysiology

 

2. A patient who is newly diagnosed with HIV infection after a recent exposure calls to report fever, sore throat, myalgia, and night sweats. The nurse will notify the provider that this patient is most likely experiencing

a.	acute retroviral syndrome.
b.	AIDS.
c.	an increased viral load.
d.	an opportunistic infection.

 

 

ANS:  A

Acute retroviral syndrome often occurs 2 to 12 weeks after exposure and is caused by rapid viral replication that triggers an immune response, resulting in CD4 cell replacement and HIV antibody production that causes the viral load to drop. This patient is experiencing symptoms of this syndrome. AIDS is a diagnosis that indicates advanced disease. Opportunistic infection symptoms are related to the type of infection.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Understanding (Comprehension)    REF:   Page 470

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pathophysiology

 

3. A patient with HIV infection has been receiving antiretroviral therapy for 2 months. At the initiation of treatment, the patient had a viral load (VL) of 60 copies/mL and a CD4 count of 450 cells/mm³. Today’s lab results reveal a VL of 20 copies/mL and a CD4 cell count of 800 cells/mm³. How will the nurse interpret the patient’s results?

a.	A drug-resistant strain is likely.
b.	The patient is progressing as expected.
c.	The patient’s treatment goals have been met.
d.	Treatment failure has occurred.

 

 

ANS:  B

The treatment goal would be a VL of < 20 copies/mL and a CD4 cell count between 800 and 1200 cells/mm³. This goal should be achieved in 16 to 24 weeks. Since this patient has shown improvement, progress has been made, and treatment should continue. A drug-resistant strain is not likely to respond to therapy. Treatment failure is not evident.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)                  REF:   Page 470

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Evaluation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

 

4. A pregnant patient is HIV-positive. Which antiretroviral agent will the nurse expect the patient’s provider to order?

a.	Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (Trizivir)
b.	Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (Atripla)
c.	Lamivudine/zidovudine (Combivir)
d.	Rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir (Complera)

 

 

ANS:  C

Antiretroviral therapy is strongly recommended for all pregnant HIV-infected patients. The preferred dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor is Combivir.

 

DIF:    COGNITIVE LEVEL: Applying (Application)                  REF:   Page 474

TOP:   NURSING PROCESS: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies