Chapter 35 Pharmacology For Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 5th Edition

Chapter 35 Pharmacology For Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 5th Edition

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Question 1

Type: MCMA

The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. “If just a few bacteria make you sick, this is virulence.”
2. “Most bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance.”
3. “Pathogens are divided into two classes, bacteria and viruses.”
4. “Pathogenicity means the bacteria can cause an infection.”
5. “Actually, most bacteria will not harm us.”

Correct Answer: 1,4,5

Rationale 1: A highly virulent microbe is one that can produce disease when present in minute numbers.

Rationale 2: Antibiotic resistance is a problem; however, only a few, not most, bacteria have developed it.

Rationale 3: Human pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, unicellular organisms, and multicellular animals.

Rationale 4: The ability of an organism to cause infection is called pathogenicity.

Rationale 5: Only a few dozen pathogens commonly cause disease in humans; most are harmless.

Global Rationale: A highly virulent microbe is one that can produce disease when present in minute numbers. The ability of an organism to cause infection is called pathogenicity. Only a few dozen pathogens commonly cause disease in humans; most are harmless. Antibiotic resistance is a problem; however, only a few, not most, bacteria have developed it. Human pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, unicellular organisms, and multicellular animals.

 

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning

Learning Outcome: 35-1 Distinguish between the terms pathogenicity and virulence.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.1.1 Examine etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations.

Page Number: 538

 

Question 2

Type: MCMA

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor for help with her microbiology class. The student is studying bacteria. What does the best instruction by the nursing instructor include?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Bacteria are either aerobic or anaerobic.
2. Bacteria are multicellular organisms.
3. E. coli are gram-negative bacteria.
4. Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
5. Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci.

Correct Answer: 3,4,5

Rationale 1: Some organisms have the ability to change their metabolism and survive in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

Rationale 2: Bacteria are single-celled organisms.

Rationale 3: E. coli are gram-negative bacteria.

Rationale 4: Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.

Rationale 5: Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci.

Global Rationale: E. coli are gram-negative bacteria. Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria. Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci. Some organisms have the ability to change their metabolism and survive in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Bacteria are single-celled organisms.

 

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 35-2 Explain how bacteria are described and classified.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.1.1 Examine etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations.

Page Number: 538

 

Question 3

Type: MCSA

The client tells the nurse that the doctor told him his antibiotic did not kill his infection but just slowed its growth. The client is anxious. What is the best response by the nurse to decrease the client’s anxiety?

1. “This is okay because your body will help kill the infection too.”
2. “This is okay because your doctor is an infectious disease specialist.”
3. “This is okay because your blood work is being monitored daily.”
4. “This is okay because your infection is not really that serious.”

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Some drugs do not kill the bacteria but instead slow their growth and depend on the body’s natural defenses to dispose of the microorganisms. These drugs, which slow the growth of bacteria, are called bacteriostatic.

Rationale 2: Telling the client that the doctor is a specialist does not answer the question and will increase anxiety.

Rationale 3: Telling the client that his blood work is being monitored does not answer the question and will increase anxiety.

Rationale 4: Telling a client with an infection that the infection is not serious will increase anxiety because, to the client, all infections are serious.

Global Rationale: Some drugs do not kill the bacteria but instead slow their growth and depend on the body’s natural defenses to dispose of the microorganisms. These drugs, which slow the growth of bacteria, are called bacteriostatic. Telling the client that the doctor is a specialist does not answer the question and will increase anxiety. Telling the client that his blood work is being monitored does not answer the question and will increase anxiety. Telling a client with an infection that the infection is not serious will increase anxiety because, to the client, all infections are serious.

 

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 35-3 Compare and contrast the terms bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.1.1 Examine etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations.

Page Number: 540

 

 

Question 4

Type: MCSA

The client receives multiple antibiotics to treat a serious infection. What will the priority assessment of the client by the nurse include?

1. Assessing blood cultures for the presence of bacteria
2. Assessing changes in stool, white patches in the mouth, and urogenital itching or rash
3. Assessing renal and liver function tests
4. Assessing whether or not the client has adequate food and fluid intake

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Assessing blood cultures is important, but not as important as assessing for superinfections.

Rationale 2: A superinfection occurs when microorganisms normally present in the body, host flora, are destroyed by antibiotic therapy. A superinfection can be lethal and should be suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving antibiotics. Signs of superinfection commonly include diarrhea, white patches in the mouth, urogenital itching, and presence of a blistering itchy rash.

Rationale 3: Assessing renal and liver function tests is very important but not as important as assessing for superinfections.

Rationale 4: Assessing food and fluid intake is very important but not as important as assessing for superinfections.

Global Rationale: A superinfection occurs when microorganisms normally present in the body, host flora, are destroyed by antibiotic therapy. A superinfection can be lethal and should be suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving antibiotics. Signs of superinfection commonly include diarrhea, white patches in the mouth, urogenital itching, and presence of a blistering itchy rash. Assessing blood cultures is important but not as important as assessing for superinfections. Assessing renal and liver function tests is very important but not as important as assessing for superinfections. Assessing food and fluid intake is very important but not as important as assessing for superinfections.

 

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.2 Demonstrate an understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for applying evidence to clinical practice.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 35-5 Identify the role of culture and sensitivity testing in the selection of an effective antibiotic.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.1.1 Examine etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations.

Page Number: 542