Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 35- Somatosensory Function, Pain, and Headache
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | The somatosensory system consists of three types of sensory neurons. The special somatic type of afferent sensory neurons has receptors that sense: | |
| A) | Muscle position | |
| B) | Visceral fullness | |
| C) | Temperature | |
| D) | Painful touch | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The somatosensory system is designed to provide the central nervous system (CNS) with information about the body. Sensory neurons can be divided into three types that vary in distribution and the type of sensation detected: general somatic, special somatic, and general visceral afferent neurons. General somatic afferent neurons have branches with widespread distribution throughout the body and with many distinct types of receptors that result in sensations such as pain, touch, and temperature. Special somatic afferent neurons have receptors located primarily in muscles, tendons, and joints. These receptors sense position and movement of the body. General visceral afferent neurons have receptors on various visceral structures and sense fullness and discomfort. | ||
| 2. | A woman has cut her finger while dicing onions in the kitchen, causing her to drop her knife in pain. Which of the following components of this pain signal was transmitted by a third-order neuron? The neurons: | |
| A) | Between the woman’s finger and her spinal cord | |
| B) | Between the thalamus and the cortex | |
| C) | Between the CNS and the thalamus | |
| D) | Of the efferent pathway that causes muscle contraction | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| First-order neurons transmit sensory information from the periphery to the CNS. Second-order neurons communicate with various reflex networks and sensory pathways in the spinal cord and travel directly to the thalamus. Third-order neurons relay information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. This typology does not apply to motor neurons. | ||
| 3. | While playing outside in the snow, a young child complained of painful fingertips since he would not keep his gloves on. In the emergency department, the nurse knows this painful sensation is a result of which transmission of proprioceptive somatosensory information? | |
| A) | Reflexive networks | |
| B) | Type C dorsal root ganglion neurons | |
| C) | Anterolateral pathway | |
| D) | Myelinated type B trigeminal sensory neurons | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| All somatosensory information from the limbs and trunk shares a common class of sensory neurons called dorsal root ganglion neurons. The unmyelinated type C fibers have the smallest diameter and the slowest rate of conduction. They convey warm–hot sensation and mechanical and chemical as well as heat- and cold-induced pain sensation. Somatosensory information from the face and cranial structures, however, is transmitted by trigeminal sensory neurons, which function in the same manner as the dorsal root ganglion neurons. The second-order neurons communicate with various reflex networks and sensory pathways in the spinal cord and contain the ascending pathways that travel to the thalamus. In contrast to the dorsal column–medial lemniscal pathway, the anterolateral pathway transmits sensory signals such as pain, thermal sensations, crude touch, and pressure that do not require highly discrete localization of the signal source or fine discrimination of intensity. | ||
| 4. | A client who has had a spinal injury now has sensory changes on the distal forearm and fourth and fifth fingers. The nurse can predict that this client has experienced an injury to the: Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Cervical (C) 7 | |
| B) | Cervical (C) 8 | |
| C) | Thoracic (T) 1 dorsal root | |
| D) | Thoracic (T) 2 dorsal root | |
| Ans: | B, C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Dermatome maps are helpful in interpreting the level and extent of sensory deficits that are the result of segmental nerve and spinal cord damage. For example, on the basis of the dermatomal map, we can predict that sensory changes limited to the distal forearm and fourth and fifth fingers are the result of injury to the cervical (C) 8 and thoracic (T) 1 dorsal roots. | ||
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