Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

a.	An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
b.	An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
c.	An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
d.	An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.

 

 

ANS:  A

Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in premature infants.

 

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2. Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

a.	Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
b.	Their noses are small in diameter.
c.	Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing.
d.	Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult’s.

 

 

ANS:  A

Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are obligatory nose breathers and are unable to breathe in through their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to a young infant. This selection is the only option that accurately describes why nasal congestion is a serious threat to young infants.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1290

 

3. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?

a.	16 and 20	c.	24 and 30
b.	20 and 24	d.	30 and 36

 

 

ANS:  D

Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other options are not true regarding the timeframe when the risk for RDS decreases.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1292

 

4. Which type of croup is most common?

a.	Bacterial	c.	Fungal
b.	Viral	d.	Autoimmune

 

 

ANS:  B

In 85% of children with croup, a virus is the cause, most commonly parainfluenza. However, other viruses such as influenza A or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) also can cause croup.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 1295-1296

 

5. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

a.	Low birth weight
b.	Alcohol consumption during pregnancy
c.	Premature birth
d.	Smoking during pregnancy

 

 

ANS:  C

RDS of the newborn, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. None of the other options are considered the chief predisposing factors for RDS.

 

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