Chapter 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

Chapter 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____     1.   A nurse educator teaches her students about the anatomy of the gastrointestinal system. Which description about the functions of these organs might be discussed?

1)	Digestion begins in the lower portion of the gastrointestinal (ascending and descending colon) system.
2)	The upper portion of the gastrointestinal system (mouth and esophagus) is responsible for nutrient intake or ingestion.
3)	The small intestine transports food to the stomach by the process of peristalsis.
4)	The large intestine does the main work of absorption through a system of villi and folds.

 

 

____     2.   The pediatric nurse understands how each developmental stage contributes to the promotion of the health of the child. Which is a normal developmental attribute of the digestive system of the infant?

1)	The infant has a built-in safeguard to prevent choking while swallowing and sucking.
2)	The passage from mouth to pharynx is larger to allow more liquid to be swallowed.
3)	The infant’s stomach usually empties in 5 to 6 hours, necessitating frequent feedings.
4)	The liver and pancreas are not mature until 12 months, which limits solid food intake.

 

 

____     3.   The pediatric nurse examines a 14-month-old patient for bowel sounds. Which assessment finding is typical for this stage of development?

1)	Bowel sounds occur normally every 20 to 25 seconds.
2)	Bruits are normally heard upon auscultation.
3)	Hypoactive bowel sounds may indicate excessive activity is present.
4)	Hyperactive bowel sounds mean rapid movement through the intestines.

 

 

____     4.   The pediatric nurse examines a 5-week-old infant who has been observed having projectile, nonbilious vomiting. Upon palpation, the nurse feels an olive-shaped mass in the midepigastrium. On the basis of these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?

1)	Rectal atresia
2)	Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
3)	Intussusception
4)	Malrotation of the intestine

 

Answer Section

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. ANS:  2

Chapter number and title: 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

Chapter learning objective: Review the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract from the newborn period through adolescence.

Chapter page reference: 600

Heading: Maturity of the GI Tract in Infancy

Integrated processes: Teaching and Learning

Client need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Bowel Elimination

Difficulty: Easy

 

	Feedback
1	Digestion begins in the mouth with the release of the enzymes amylase and ptyalin, which begin the breakdown of complex starches into disaccharides.
2	The upper portion of the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the mouth and esophagus) is responsible for nutrient intake or ingestion.
3	The esophagus transports food to the stomach by the process of peristalsis. In the stomach, food mixes with gastric fluids and is then propelled into the small intestine.
4	The small intestine does the main work of absorption through a system of villi and folds, which increase the absorptive surface approximately 600 times.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Bowel Elimination

 

2. ANS:  1

Chapter number and title: 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

Chapter learning objective: Review the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract from the newborn period through adolescence.

Chapter page reference: 600

Heading: Maturity of the GI Tract in Infancy

Integrated processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process

Client need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Bowel Elimination

Difficulty: Easy

 

	Feedback
1	The infant has a built-in safeguard to prevent choking while swallowing and sucking. The posterior portion of the tongue is raised against the soft palate while the infant sucks, which separates the mouth and throat.
2	The passage from mouth to pharynx is smaller, which helps to control the amount of liquid that is swallowed.
3	The infant’s stomach usually empties in 2.5 to 3 hours, necessitating frequent feedings.
4	The liver and pancreas are not mature until 6 months, which is why the infant does not need solid food until then.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Bowel Elimination

 

3. ANS:  4

Chapter number and title: 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

Chapter learning objective: Review the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract from the newborn period through adolescence.

Chapter page reference: 600

Heading: Maturity of the GI Tract in Infancy

Integrated processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process

Client need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Bowel Elimination

Difficulty: Easy

 

	Feedback
1	After initial bowel sounds have been heard, bowel sounds then normally occur every 10 to 20 seconds.
2	A bruit is an adventitious sound of venous or arterial origin that should not be heard upon auscultation.
3	Hypoactive (deficient) or absent bowel sounds may be an indication of inactivity in the intestines.
4	Hyperactive (increased) bowel sounds can be associated with rapid movement through the intestines, as may be associated with diarrhea.

 

 

PTS:   1                    CON:  Bowel Elimination

 

4. ANS:  2

Chapter number and title: 36: Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition

Chapter learning objective: Review assessment techniques when caring for a child who presents with dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain.

Chapter page reference: 611

Heading: Assessment of Pyloric Stenosis

Integrated processes: Clinical Problem-Solving Process

Client need: Physiological Adaptation

Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Bowel Elimination

Difficulty: Easy

 

	Feedback
1	Rectal atresia is defined as a complete obstruction, which precludes the passage of stool.
2	Following palpation of an infant between 3 and 12 weeks old with projectile, nonbilious vomiting, finding an olive-shaped mass indicates possible hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
3	The most characteristic symptom of intussusception is acute abdominal pain caused by the spasm of the telescoping bowel.
4	A major symptom of malrotation is intermittent bilious or green vomit.

 

 

PTS:     1          CON:   Bowel Elimination