Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 36- Disorders of Neuromuscular Function
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | More complex patterns of movements, such as throwing a ball or picking up a fork, are controlled by which portion of the frontal lobe? | |
| A) | Premotor cortex | |
| B) | Primary motor cortex | |
| C) | Reflexive circuitry | |
| D) | Supplementary motor cortex | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Nerve signals generated by the premotor cortex produce much more complex “patterns” of movement; the movement pattern to accomplish a particular objective, such as throwing a ball or picking up a fork, is programmed by the prefrontal association cortex and associated thalamic nuclei. The primary motor cortex is concerned with the purpose and planning of the motor movement and controls specific muscle movement sequences. The lowest level of the hierarchy occurs at the spinal cord, which contains the basic reflex circuitry needed to coordinate the function of the motor units involved in the planned movement. The supplementary motor cortex, which contains representations of all parts of the body, is involved in the performance of complex, skillful movements that require coordination of both sides of the body. | ||
| 2. | Disorders of the pyramidal tracts, such as a stroke, are characterized by: | |
| A) | Paralysis | |
| B) | Hypotonia | |
| C) | Muscle rigidity | |
| D) | Involuntary movements | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Disorders of the pyramidal tracts (e.g., stroke) are characterized by spasticity and paralysis, whereas those affecting the extrapyramidal tracts (e.g., Parkinson disease) by involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, and immobility without paralysis. Hypotonia is a condition of less than normal muscle tone, hypertonia or spasticity is a condition of excessive tone, and paralysis refers to a loss of muscle movement. Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions produce spastic paralysis and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions flaccid paralysis. | ||
| 3. | A clinician is assessing the muscle tone of a client who has been diagnosed with a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion. Which of the following assessment findings is congruent with the client’s diagnosis? | |
| A) | Hypotonia | |
| B) | Spasticity | |
| C) | Tetany | |
| D) | Rigidity | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Typically, UMN lesions produce increased tone (e.g., spasticity, tetany, and rigidity), whereas LMN lesions produce decreased tone (hypotonia). | ||
| 4. | An elderly client has been brought to his primary care provider by his wife, who is concerned about his recent decrease in coordination. Upon assessment, his primary care provider notes that the client’s gait is wide-based, unsteady, and lacking in fluidity, although his muscle tone appears normal. This client requires further assessment for which of the following health problems? | |
| A) | Muscle atrophy | |
| B) | Cerebellar disorders | |
| C) | Impaired spinal reflexes | |
| D) | Lower motor neuron lesions | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| An ataxic gait is characteristic of cerebellar and/or vestibular disorders. An LMN lesion typically results in decreased muscle tone. Impaired spinal reflexes would not normally manifest as ataxia, and muscle atrophy would cause weakness and decreased muscle tone. | ||
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