Chapter 37: Care of Patients with Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Chapter 37: Care of Patients with Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse is explaining the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes to a newly diagnosed patient. Which information accurately explains why the type 1 diabetic does not produce adequate insulin?

a.	A pituitary disorder inhibits beta cells.
b.	An allergic response alters beta cell responses to hyperglycemia.
c.	Alpha cells proliferated in the islets of Langerhans.
d.	The body’s immune system destroyed beta cells.

 

 

ANS:  D

In type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), the beta cells on the islets of Langerhans are destroyed by an autoimmune reaction.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   858

OBJ:   1 (clinical)      TOP:   Type 1 DM: Etiology

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. Type 2 diabetes cases compose approximately what percentage of all known cases of diabetes?

a.	70%
b.	75%
c.	80%
d.	95%

 

 

ANS:  D

Type 2 diabetics comprise 90% to 95% of all known cases.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   858

OBJ:   1 (theory)       TOP:   Type 2 DM: Incidence

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

 

3. The nurse is educating a patient with gestational diabetes. Which statement indicates that the patient needs additional teaching?

a.	“Gestational diabetes happens because of the hormonal changes of pregnancy.”
b.	“I should exercise regularly and lose weight to reduce my risk of becoming a diabetic.”
c.	“This problem goes away completely once I give birth.”
d.	“The baby will have to be monitored for hypoglycemia during my pregnancy.”

 

 

ANS:  C

Giving birth does not automatically resolve gestational diabetes. Of the women who have gestational diabetes, 5% to 10% go on to develop type 2 diabetes. The patient correctly understands that gestational diabetes occurs because of hormonal changes in pregnancy, proper diet and regular exercise may help decrease the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, and the baby will require monitoring for hypoglycemia throughout the patient’s pregnancy.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   858, Table 37-1, 859

OBJ:   2 (theory)       TOP:   Gestational Diabetes: Risks

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Evaluation

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. A patient asks the nurse if stress can be a potential cause of type 2 diabetes. Which response is most appropriate for the nurse to make?

a.	“Stress decreases the number of alpha cells in the pancreas, and increases the workload on the beta cells.”
b.	“Periods of stress cause increases in glycogen production by the adrenal cortex.”
c.	“Stress is directly associated with decreased insulin tolerance.”
d.	“The inhibition of beta cells to glucose is increased in periods of stress.”

 

 

ANS:  B

Stress stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids, which can cause hyperglycemia.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   859

OBJ:   2 (theory)       TOP:   DM: Metabolic Risks

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation