Chapter 37: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Chapter 37: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:

a.	Medulla	c.	Pyramids
b.	Cortex	d.	Columns

 

 

ANS:  B

The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli.

 

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2. What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

a.	Glomerulus	c.	Collecting duct
b.	Nephron	d.	Pyramid

 

 

ANS:  B

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Although the other options are also located in the kidney, they are not its functional units.

 

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3. Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?

a.	Principle cells	c.	Mesangial cells
b.	Podocin cells	d.	Intercalated cells

 

 

ANS:  C

Mesangial cells and the mesangial matrix, secreted by mesangial cells, lie between and support the glomerular capillaries. Different mesangial cells contract like smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow. They also have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes. The other options are not capable of these functions.

 

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4. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the:

a.	Proximal convoluted tubules	c.	Ascending loop of Henle
b.	Distal tubules	d.	Descending loop of Henle

 

 

ANS:  A

The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are covered with microvilli (a brush border) is called the proximal convoluted tubules. This proximal convoluted tubular lumen consists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases the reabsorptive surface area.

 

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5. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

a.	Macula densa	c.	Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
b.	Visceral epithelium	d.	Filtration slits

 

 

ANS:  C

Control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion occur at the JGA. Together, the juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa cells form the JGA. The control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion is not directed by any of the other options.

 

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6. Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area?

a.	Vulva or penis	c.	Thighs
b.	Umbilicus	d.	Lower abdomen

 

 

ANS:  B

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain in the umbilicus. Sensory innervation for the upper part of the ureter arises from the tenth thoracic nerve roots with referred pain to the umbilicus. The other options would not experience such referred pain.

 

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