Chapter 38: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Chapter 38: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. How does progressive nephrons injury affect angiotensin II activity?

a.	Angiotensin II activity is decreased.
b.	It is elevated.
c.	Angiotensin II activity is totally suppressed.
d.	It is not affected.

 

 

ANS:  B

Angiotensin II activity is elevated with progressive nephron injury. This selection is the only accurate identification of the effect of progressive nephron injury on angiotensin II activity.

 

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2. Which mineral accounts for the most common type of renal stone?

a.	Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate	c.	Calcium oxalate
b.	Uric acid	d.	Magnesium phosphate

 

 

ANS:  C

Calcium stones (calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate) account for 70% to 80% of all stones requiring treatment.

 

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3. Regarding the formation of renal calculi, what function does pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium perform?

a.	They inhibit crystal growth.
b.	Pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium stimulate the supersaturation of salt.
c.	They facilitate the precipitation of salts from a liquid to a solid state.
d.	Pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium enhance crystallization of salt crystals to form stones.

 

 

ANS:  A

Stone or crystal growth inhibiting substances, including potassium citrate, pyrophosphate, and magnesium, are capable of crystal growth inhibition. They are not capable of the functions stated by the other options.

 

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4. Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?

a.	Defective renal calcium reabsorption
b.	Intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
c.	Bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
d.	Hyperparathyroidism

 

 

ANS:  B

Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism and bone demineralization associated with prolonged immobilization are also known to cause hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.

 

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5. Detrusor hyperreflexia develops from neurologic disorders that originate where?

a.	Spinal cord between C2 and S1	c.	Above the pontine micturition center
b.	Spinal cord between S2 and S4	d.	Below the cauda equina

 

 

ANS:  C

Neurologic disorders that develop above the pontine micturition center result in detrusor hyperreflexia, also known as an uninhibited or reflex bladder. This selection is the only option responsible for detrusor hyperreflexia.

 

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