Chapter 38 Pharmacology For Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 5th Edition

Chapter 38 Pharmacology For Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 5th Edition

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Question 1

Type: MCSA

The client has cancer. He asks the nurse where cancer comes from. What is the best explanation by the nurse?

1. “Cancer is genetic; you inherited the predisposition for your cancer.”
2. “Cancer cells are your body’s cells that have lost the ability to control their growth.”
3. “Cancer is caused primarily by viruses in the environment.”
4. “Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke are the primary causes of cancer.”

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Some cancer is genetic, but this is not the best answer.

Rationale 2: Cancer is thought to result from damage to the genes controlling cell growth.

Rationale 3: Viruses are associated with only about 15% of all human cancers.

Rationale 4: Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke are carcinogens that can lead to the development of cancer, but this is not the best answer.

Global Rationale: Cancer is thought to result from damage to the genes controlling cell growth. Some cancer is genetic, but this is not the best answer. Viruses are associated with only about 15% of all human cancers. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke are carcinogens that can lead to the development of cancer, but this is not the best answer.

 

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 38-2 Identify factors associated with an increased risk of cancer.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.4.1 Examine the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of cancer.

Page Number: 615

 

Question 2

Type: MCMA

The nurse teaches a family support group about the causes of cancer. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the clients make which statements?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. “Some cancers have a strong genetic component.”
2. “Cancer often results from an injury such as a bruise.”
3. “Cancers have a very strong environmental component.”
4. “Cancer can result from suppressed anger and rage.”
5. “Cancer can result from damaged tumor-suppressor genes.”

Correct Answer: 1,3,5

Rationale 1: Some cancers have a strong genetic component.

Rationale 2: There is no evidence to support that injuries such as bruises result in cancer.

Rationale 3: Cancers have a very strong environmental component.

Rationale 4: There is no evidence to support that suppressed anger and rage will result in cancer.

Rationale 5: Cancer can result from damaged tumor-suppressor genes.

Global Rationale: Some cancers have a strong genetic component. Cancers have a very strong environmental component. Cancer can result from damaged tumor-suppressor genes. There is no evidence to support that injuries such as bruises result in cancer. There is no evidence to support that suppressed anger and rage will result in cancer.

 

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 38-2 Identify factors associated with an increased risk of cancer.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.4.1 Examine the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of cancer.

Page Number: 616

 

Question 3

Type: MCMA

The client has recently been diagnosed with cancer. The nurse develops a plan to teach the client about the most effective treatments for cancer. What treatment options will the nurse include in this teaching?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Surgery
2. Chemotherapy
3. Nutrition therapy
4. Alternative medicine
5. Radiation therapy

Correct Answer: 1,2,5

Rationale 1: Surgery continues to be a primary treatment for cancer.

Rationale 2: Pharmacologic controls for cancer, or chemotherapy, is one of the standard effective treatments for cancer.

Rationale 3: Support of nutrition is essential for the cancer client but is, in itself, not a primary treatment.

Rationale 4: Alternative medicine is not considered a very effective treatment for cancer at this point.

Rationale 5: Radiation is one of the three primary treatments for cancer.

Global Rationale: Surgery continues to be a primary treatment for cancer. Pharmacologic controls for cancer, or chemotherapy, is one of the standard effective treatments for cancer. Radiation is one of the three primary treatments for cancer. Support of nutrition is essential for the cancer client but is, in itself, not a primary treatment. Alternative medicine is not considered a very effective treatment for cancer at this point.

 

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.2 Demonstrate an understanding of the basic elements of the research process and models for applying evidence to clinical practice.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 38-4 Identify the three primary therapies for cancer.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.4.3 Relate classes of drugs used in pharmacotherapy of cancer and client education about administration.

Page Number: 617

 

Question 4

Type: MCSA

The nursing instructor teaches student nurses about chemotherapy for cancer. Which statement best explains why lung cancers are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents than other types of cancers?

1. “Lung cancer cells have a very erratic cell cycle, and this is why there isn’t much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells.”
2. “Lung cancer cells have been growing for a long time before detection, so they are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents.”
3. “Lung cancer cells have a low-growth fraction, which means there isn’t much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells.”
4. “Lung cancer cells grow in a high-oxygen environment, so they are not very sensitive to antineoplastic agents.”

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Lung cancer cells do not have a very erratic cell cycle.

Rationale 2: Lung cancer cells may grow for a long time before detection, but this is not the primary reason they are less susceptible to antineoplastic agents.

Rationale 3: Growth fraction is a ratio of the number of replicating cells to the number of resting cells. Antineoplastic drugs are much more toxic to tissues and tumors with high growth fractions. Breast and lung cancers have low growth fractions.

Rationale 4: A high-oxygen environment is not the reason why lung cancer cells are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents.

Global Rationale: Growth fraction is a ratio of the number of replicating cells to the number of resting cells. Antineoplastic drugs are much more toxic to tissues and tumors with high growth fractions. Breast and lung cancers have low growth fractions. Lung cancer cells do not have a very erratic cell cycle. Lung cancer cells may grow for a long time before detection, but this is not the primary reason they are less susceptible to antineoplastic agents. A high-oxygen environment is not the reason why lung cancer cells are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents.

 

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity

Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes.

AACN Essentials Competencies: III.1 Explain the interrelationships among theory, practice, and research.

NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 38-5 Explain the significance of growth fraction and the cell cycle to the success of chemotherapy.

MNL Learning Outcome: 6.4.1 Examine the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of cancer.

Page Number: 618