Chapter 4: Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Chapter 4: Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. metaplasia
d. inflammation.
ANS: B
Increased function of an organ such as the heart or skeletal muscle results in organ hypertrophy due to cellular enlargement. Atrophy
refers to reduction in size of an organ due to cellular shrinkage. Metaplasia refers to replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another. Inflammation results from immune response rather than workload.
REF: Pg. 61
2. Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular
a. atrophy.
b. death.
c. proliferation.
d. mutation.
ANS: B
Apoptosis results in death of a cell when it is no longer needed. Atrophy refers to reduction in size of an organ due to cellular
shrinkage. Proliferation refers to growth of new cells. Mutation refers to alteration in the genetic structure of cellular DNA.
REF: Pg. 64
3. All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
a. necrosis.
b. metaplasia.
c. atrophy.
d. hyperplasia.
ANS: A
Necrosis refers to death of cells/tissue and is not reversible. Metaplasia refers to the replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another from persistent injury and is reversible when the injury stops. Atrophy occurs due to lack of use of an organ and is
reversible. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells from increased physiologic demands or hormonal stimulation and is
reversible.
REF: Pg. 62
4. Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.
a. coagulative
b. caseous
c. liquefactive
d. fat
ANS: C
Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in enzymes and has little connective tissue. Coagulative
necrosis occurs from ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis
occurs in adipose (fat) tissue.
REF: Pg. 64
5. The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is
a. hydropic swelling.
b. lactate production.
c. metaplasia.
d. intracellular accumulations.
ANS: D
Intracellular accumulations result from faulty metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, glycogen, and proteins. Hydropic swelling results
from malfunction of the sodium-potassium pump. Lactate production results from anaerobic glycolytic pathway. Metaplasia occurs
from persistent cell injury.