Chapter 40: Disorders of Endocrine Function

Chapter 40: Disorders of Endocrine Function

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
a. results in the condition of acromegaly.
b. leads to abnormally tall stature.
c. is associated with hypoglycemia.
d. is usually asymptomatic.
ANS: A
Growth hormone excess in adults is known as acromegaly. Acromegaly in adults causes an increase in bone density. Acromegaly
may be clinically subtle and occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Growth hormone in adults is not associated with
hypoglycemia.
REF: Pg. 802
2. An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
a. decreased serum osmolality.
b. dehydration.
c. hypervolemia.
d. hyponatremia.
ANS: B
ADH is secreted in response to changes in blood osmolality. ADH increases membrane permeability to and reabsorption of water.
An increase in serum osmolality causes an increase in ADH secretion. With insufficient amounts of ADH, urine cannot be
concentrated and free water is lost, causing hyperosmolality. Not enough salt outside the cells would not cause ADH to be secreted.
REF: Pg. 814
3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
a. sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney.
b. potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the kidney.
c. water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
d. urinary output.
ANS: C
ADH acts directly on the renal collecting ducts and distal tubules, increasing membrane permeability to and reabsorption of water.
Hypernatremia would be related to insufficient amounts of ADH. ADH increases water reabsorption in the tubule of the kidney.
With insufficient amounts of ADH, urine cannot be concentrated.
REF: Pg. 814
4. A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
a. hypovolemia.
b. hyponatremia.
c. decreased osmolality.
d. dehydration.
ANS: B
SIADH is characterized by hyponatremia. Clinical manifestations of SIADH are due to hypotonicity of body fluids. Serum
osmolality is low because of dilution by reabsorbed water. Inappropriate ADH secretion is not manifested by dehydration.
REF: Pg. 814
5. Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
a. results from inadequate ADH secretion.
b. is characterized by oliguria.
c. is associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction.
d. leads to glycosuria.
ANS: A
Diabetes insipidus is a condition related to insufficient ADH activity. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive loss of water
in the urine. ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. A hallmark of DI is the presence of excessive urination and excessive
drinking.