Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 40- Disorders of the Female Genitourinary System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | Which of the following physiologic processes is caused by estrogens? | |
| A) | Increased release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | |
| B) | Stimulation of lactation in the postpartum period | |
| C) | Promotion of ovarian follicle growth | |
| D) | Progesterone synthesis | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Among the effects of estrogens is the promotion of ovarian follicle growth. Increased estrogen levels normally have an inhibitory effect on GnRH levels, whereas progesterone synthesis is not a result of estrogen’s. Lactation is stimulated by prolactin. | ||
| 2. | Progesterone maintains pregnancy but also has which of the following local effects on the body? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Decrease in absorption of sodium | |
| B) | Increase in basal body temperature | |
| C) | Increase in secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex | |
| D) | Relaxation of smooth muscle | |
| Ans: | B, C, D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Progesterone can compete with aldosterone at the level of the renal tubule, causing a decrease in sodium reabsorption, with a resultant increase in secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex (as occurs in pregnancy). Although the mechanism is uncertain, progesterone increases basal body temperature and is responsible for the increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation. Smooth muscle relaxation under the influence of progesterone plays an important role in maintaining pregnancy. | ||
| 3. | Which of the following clinical manifestations is most likely to accompany a diagnosis of vulvodynia? | |
| A) | Vulvar pain | |
| B) | Purulent discharge | |
| C) | Urinary incontinence | |
| D) | Open lesions on the surface of the vulva | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Pain is the defining characteristic of vulvodynia. Contributing factors, such as wounds or lesions, are absent. Incontinence does not normally accompany vulvodynia, and there is an absence of purulent discharge, since the etiology is noninfectious. | ||
| 4. | A 21-year-old college student has sought care because of the vaginal burning, itching, and redness that have become worse in recent weeks. Which of the clinician’s assessment questions is most likely to apply to a diagnosis of vaginitis? | |
| A) | “Have your periods been regular in the last few months?” | |
| B) | “Have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection?” | |
| C) | “Are you using oral contraceptives?” | |
| D) | “Have you ever been pregnant?” | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| In women of childbearing years, causes of vaginitis are often a manifestation of some organisms that can be transmitted sexually. The use of oral contraceptives and menstrual disorders are not associated with the incidence of vaginitis, and previous pregnancies are not identified as risk factors or causes. | ||
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