Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus

Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

ANS:  A

By definition, type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the b cells of the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, and thus glucose cannot enter muscle and adipose tissue. Type 1 diabetes is unrelated to lack of exercise and chronic overeating. In type 1 diabetes, production of glucose by the liver is no longer opposed by insulin.

REF:   Pg. 821

2. Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

ANS:  C

The plasma membranes of cells are permeable to glucose, and the diffusion of glucose into some cells is controlled by glucose transporters. Activated glucose transporters translocate to the cell membrane to facilitate diffusion of glucose. Glycogen breakdown does not occur when insulin binds to its receptor on target cells. Gluconeogenesis is not the result of insulin binding to target cells.

REF:   Pg. 817

3. A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

ANS:  C

Tremors are a sign of hypoglycemia. Acetone breath is not a sign of hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is a sign of hypoglycemia. Hyperventilation does not indicate hypoglycemia.

REF:   Pg. 831

4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

ANS:  A

More common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in older individuals, is nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome characterized by severe hyperglycemia with no or slight ketosis and striking dehydration. Type 1 diabetes is seen more in childhood than type 2. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin. Ketoacidosis is found in type 1 diabetes.

REF:   Pg. 827