Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 41- Disorders of Renal Function
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A pediatric unit will be receiving an 8-day-old infant with a suspected congenital renal disorder. Which of the following renal abnormalities could be the possible cause? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | One of the infant’s kidneys may have failed to develop normally. | |
| B) | The kidneys may be misshapen and have cysts present. | |
| C) | The upper or lower poles of the two kidneys may be fused. | |
| D) | Renal cell carcinoma may be present. | |
| E) | Urine-filled dilation of renal pelvis associated with atrophy of the kidney may be present. | |
| Ans: | A, B, C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Renal hypoplasia, cystic dysplasia, and horseshoe kidney are more common diagnoses in infants. Renal cell carcinoma is not a congenital condition or one that often manifests in infancy. Urine-filled dilation of renal pelvis associated with atrophy of the kidney is a description of hydronephrosis. | ||
| 2. | A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated UTIs, and hematuria has been diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which of the following phenomena has most likely contributed to the development of this diagnosis? | |
| A) | UTIs coupled with an impaired immune response have caused her ADPKD. | |
| B) | She has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in her tubules to proliferate inappropriately. | |
| C) | Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors. | |
| D) | She has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi formation. | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| ADPKD is an inherited condition, and the etiology is thought to involve cysts arising in segments of the renal tubules from a few epithelial cells that proliferate abnormally. UTIs are consequent, not causative, of the condition. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are more commonly associated with ARPKD than ADPKD. Kidneys are typically oversized in ADPKD, and renal calculi are not noted sequelae. | ||
| 3. | One of the most reliable predictors for worsening autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is | |
| A) | serum creatinine levels. | |
| B) | blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. | |
| C) | urine albumin excretion (UAE). | |
| D) | urine specific gravity. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Serum creatinine levels have not been found to be an effective predictor marker for worsening ADPKD, but urine albumin excretion (UAE) has been determined a reliable predictor, as have increased electrolytes and hematuria. | ||
| 4. | A nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which of the following individuals are at risk of developing urinary obstructions? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | A 43-year-old male with an acid–base imbalance secondary to malnutrition | |
| B) | A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time | |
| C) | A 69-year-old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production | |
| D) | A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | |
| E) | A 58-year-old male with renal calculi | |
| F) | A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury | |
| Ans: | B, D, E, F | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Pregnancy, BPH, renal calculi, and neurogenic bladder are all identified contributors to urinary obstructions. Acid–base imbalances and impaired erythropoietin production are health problems with renal involvement but are less likely to contribute to urinary obstruction. | ||
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