Chapter 41: Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Chapter 41: Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A diagnosis of respiratory failure can be made if which of the following are present?
2. PaO₂ 55 mm Hg, FIO₂ 0.21, P_B 760 mm Hg
3. PaCO₂ 57 mm Hg, FIO₂ 0.21, P_B 760 mm Hg
4. P(A-a)O₂ 45 mm Hg, FIO₂ 1.0, P_B 760 mm Hg
5. PaO₂/FIO₂ 400, P_B 750 mm Hg

ANS:  A

Criteria for respiratory failure based on arterial blood gases have been established by Campbell and generally define failure as a PaO₂ (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) less than 60 mm Hg and/or a PaCO₂ (alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide) greater than 50 mm Hg in otherwise healthy individuals breathing room air at sea level.

DIF:    Application    REF:   p. 990            OBJ:   1

2. What is respiratory failure due to inadequate ventilation?

ANS:  B

Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure describes “bellows failure” of the lungs resulting in elevated carbon dioxide levels.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 990            OBJ:   2

3. Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure is a synonym for which one of the following terms?

ANS:  D

Hypercapnic respiratory failure is also known as ventilatory failure.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 990            OBJ:   2

4. Hypoxemia can be caused by which of the following?
5. diffusion impairment
6. alveolar hypoventilation
7. mismatch
8. intrapulmonary shunting

ANS:  C

Hypoxemia can be caused by  mismatch, shunt, alveolar hypoventilation, diffusion impairment, perfusion impairment, decreased inspired oxygen, and venous admixture.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 1003          OBJ:   2

5. Which of the following best describes the difference between  mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is administered?

ANS:  B

mismatch will respond to supplemental oxygen.

DIF:    Recall             REF:   p. 991            OBJ:   2