Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition By Porth
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Chapter 43- Disorders of the Skeletal System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A child in gymnastics class has fallen off the balance beam and hurt her ankle. X-rays are negative for fracture, so the health care provider has diagnosed a severe sprain. Which of the following treatment measures should be taught to the family and child? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Immobilization for several weeks | |
| B) | Elevate the ankle on pillows | |
| C) | Apply ice packs to the ankle | |
| D) | Perform active and passive range-of-motion exercises daily | |
| Ans: | A, B, C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The treatment of sprains involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). For an injured extremity such as the ankle, elevation of the injured body part followed by local application of cold may be sufficient. Compression, accomplished through the use of adhesive wraps, helps to reduce swelling and provide support. In a sprain, the affected joint is immobilized for several weeks. | ||
| 2. | A college baseball player has seen his season cut short by a rotator cuff injury. Rotator cuff injuries are frequent because of: | |
| A) | The inherent instability of the shoulder | |
| B) | The absence of ligaments at the glenohumeral joint | |
| C) | The vulnerability of the shoulder menisci | |
| D) | The large mass of the humeral head | |
| Ans: | A | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The complexity and flexibility of the shoulder also mean that it is one of the more unstable joints. This makes it extremely vulnerable to injuries, including sprains, dislocations, and degenerative processes such as rotator cuff disorders. The glenohumeral joint contains ligaments, although menisci do not exist in the shoulder. The anatomy of the humerus does not account for the weakness of the joint. | ||
| 3. | Which of the following clients would be considered high risk for falling and fracturing a hip? | |
| A) | A 54-year-old male with obesity and short stature | |
| B) | A 36-year-old female whose diet consists of excessive sugar intake | |
| C) | A 77-year-old male with hearing impairment and corrective eye lenses | |
| D) | An 81-year-old female taking medication for chronic osteoporosis | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Risk factors for hip fracture include excessive consumption of alcohol and caffeine (rather than sugar), physical inactivity, low body weight, tall stature, use of certain psychotropic drugs, residence in an institution, visual impairment (rather than hearing), and dementia. Osteoporosis weakens the bone and is an important contributing factor. Most hip fractures result from falls. | ||
| 4. | Which of the following clients presenting to the emergency department would most likely be diagnosed with a pathologic stress fracture? | |
| A) | A teenager who fell of a ladder and hit the concrete driveway, landing on his hip | |
| B) | A postmenopausal female who was diagnosed with breast cancer with metastasis to bone | |
| C) | A competitive volleyball player diving to retrieve a volley and landing on his hip | |
| D) | A weight lifter who bench-presses 200 kg lost balance and fell to the side, landing on his hip | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| A pathologic stress fracture occurs in bones that already are weakened by disease or tumors. Fractures of this type may occur spontaneously with little or no stress. The underlying disease state can be local, as with infections, cysts, or tumors, or it can be generalized, as in osteoporosis, Paget disease, or disseminated tumors. A fatigue fracture results from repeated excessive wear on a bone. The most common fractures are those resulting from sudden direct impact, such as from a fall or blow, or indirect, such as a massive muscle contraction injury. | ||
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