Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 44- Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which the function of his lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is most likely to occur? | |
| A) | Decreased absorption of ingested foods and fluids | |
| B) | Impaired control of the gastric emptying rate | |
| C) | Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus | |
| D) | Inappropriate release of gastric enzymes | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Given that the role of the lower esophageal sphincter is to control the exchange of foods and fluids, a deficit is likely to allow the stomach contents, or the stomach itself, to protrude into the esophagus. Absorption is unlikely to be directly affected, and the sphincter is not responsible for controlling gastric emptying or enzyme secretion. | ||
| 2. | Place the following components of the gastrointestinal tract in the chronological order that a bolus of food would pass through them. Use all the options.
A) Ileum B) Pylorus C) Jejunum D) Hiatus E) Cecum F) Duodenum |
|
| Ans: | D, B, F, C, A, E | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Ingested food and fluids enter the stomach through the hiatus, exit through the pylorus, and pass through the three subdivisions of the small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The cecum is a component of the large bowel. | ||
| 3. | While explaining to a group of nursing students what the function of the first mucosal layer of the lower two thirds of the esophagus, the pathophysiology instructor mentions which of the following functions? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | Secretion of mucus to lubricate and protect the inner surface of the alimentary canal | |
| B) | Smooth muscle cells that facilitate movement of contents of the GI tract | |
| C) | Holding the organs in place and storage of fats | |
| D) | Barrier to prevent the entry of pathogenic organisms | |
| E) | A cushioning to protect against injury from sports or car accidents | |
| Ans: | A, D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The first layer performs numerous functions. These include production of mucus that lubricates and protects the inner surface of the alimentary canal; secretion of digestive enzymes and substances that break down food; absorption of the breakdown products of digestion; and maintenance of a barrier to prevent the entry of noxious substances and pathogenic organism. The facilitation of movement of contents of the GI tract occurs in the third layer while holding the organs in place, and storage of fats occurs in the fourth layer. | ||
| 4. | The instructor asks a group of nursing students to explain the function of the omentum. The students will respond based on which pathophysiologic principle? | |
| A) | It holds organs in place. | |
| B) | It attaches the jejunum and ileum to the abdominal wall. | |
| C) | It has lots of mobility and moves around in the peritoneal cavity with peristaltic movements. | |
| D) | It is mainly there to prevent any noxious substance from inner into the gut. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The greater omentum has considerable mobility and moves around in the peritoneal cavity with the peristaltic movements of the intestines. It also cushions the abdominal organs against injury and provides insulation against the loss of body heat. The mesentery holds the organs in place and attaches the jejunum and ileum to the abdominal wall. The mucosal layer acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of noxious substances and pathogenic organisms. | ||
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