Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
Porth's Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States 9th Edition by Sheila Grossman-Carol Mattson Porth
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Chapter 47- Alterations in Nutritional Status
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | When counseling a group of overweight individuals, the nurse should stress that during parties, the oxidation of alcohol provides how many kilocalorie/gram to one’s diet? | |
| A) | 4 kcal/g | |
| B) | 5 kcal/g | |
| C) | 7 kcal/g | |
| D) | 9 kcal/g | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| The oxidation of proteins provides 4 kcal/g; fats, 9 kcal/g; carbohydrates, 4 kcal/g; and alcohol, 7 kcal/g. | ||
| 2. | A dietitian is working with a morbidly obese client in an effort to facilitate weight loss. Which of the dietitian’s following teaching points about the nature of adipose tissue should be included in the client education? | |
| A) | “Our ultimate goal is going to be eventually rid your body of adipose tissue or fat.” | |
| B) | “Your fat cells can be considered to be one large energy storage organ that also has a role in hormone production.” | |
| C) | “We ideally would like to maximize your levels of brown fat and minimize those of white fat.” | |
| D) | “Obesity is normally the result of the number of ‘pre-fat’ cells an individual is born with.” | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Fat cells are collectively considered a large body organ that is metabolically active in the uptake, synthesis, storage, and mobilization of lipids, which are the main source of stored fuel for the body; the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ has also been recently elucidated. It is neither a desirable nor reasonable goal to entirely rid the body of fat, given the key roles it plays in homeostasis, and brown fat is not common in postnatal life. Preadipocytes have been shown to play a role in obesity, but the condition is still primarily a consequence of energy intake exceeding output. | ||
| 3. | Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? | |
| A) | The resting BMR constitutes a small fraction of the total body energy needs. | |
| B) | Females tend to have a lower BMR than males due to a smaller skeletal muscle mass. | |
| C) | Variations in muscle mass account for much of the differences in the BMR that exist between individuals. | |
| D) | The BMR remains consistent throughout the life span. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Body size and skeletal muscle mass account for most of the individual variations in BMR that exist between individuals. The resting BMR accounts for 50% to 70 % of the total body energy needs, and increased quantities of adipose tissue account for the lower average BMR in females as compared to males. BMR decreases with age. | ||
| 4. | Which of the following clients would be most reasonably expected to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR), assuming none is obese or malnourished? | |
| A) | A 22-year-old man, 69 inches tall, who has a sedentary lifestyle | |
| B) | A 47-year-old woman, 65 inches tall, who swims 1 mile four times a week | |
| C) | A 29-year-old woman, 61 inches tall, who is pregnant and on bed rest | |
| D) | A 60-year-old man, 72 inches tall, who is recovering from heart surgery | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Although age, sex, physical state, and pregnancy are contributing factors, variations in BMR among individuals are chiefly related to skeletal muscle mass and body size. Therefore, regardless of health and fitness status, the tallest and heaviest person in any sample will probably have the highest BMR. | ||
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