Chapter 47. Neurologic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures

Chapter 47. Neurologic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____     1.   The nurse notes that a patient is not able to voluntary move the right arm. Which part of the brain should the nurse suspect is affected in this patient?

____     2.   A patient is diagnosed with a health problem that alters the way impulses are conducted in the neurological system. When reviewing this information with the patient, which part of a neuron should the nurse teach carries impulses toward the cell body?

____     3.   The nurse is reviewing the vital sign measurements for a patient with a neurological problem. When analyzing these measurements what should the nurse recall as the part of the brain that regulates heart rate and blood pressure?

____     4.   The nurse is preparing material about impulse transmission to help with a presentation on the neurological system. When discussing spinal nerves, the nurse will include that each spinal nerve is made up of the dorsal root and which other root?

____     5.   The nurse is explaining the transmission of nerve impulses to a patient with a spinal cord injury. What should the nurse explain as the structure that carries nerve impulses at synapses?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS:  B

The frontal lobes contain the motor areas that generate the impulses that bring about voluntary movement. Each motor area controls movement on the opposite side of the body. C. The parietal lobes contain the general sensory areas for the cutaneous senses, conscious muscle sense (proprioception), and taste (gustation). D. The hypothalamus has varied functions. A. The functions of the cerebellum are concerned with the involuntary aspects of voluntary movement: coordination, the appropriate direction and endpoint of movements, and the maintenance of posture and balance or equilibrium.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

KEY:  Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Analysis

2. ANS:  B

A neuron may have one or many dendrites, which are extensions that carry impulses toward the cell body. A. A neuron has one axon that transmits impulses away from the cell body. C. In the peripheral nervous system, axons and dendrites are wrapped in specialized neuroglial cells called Schwann cells. The concentric layers of cell membrane of a Schwann cell’s plasma membrane form the myelin sheath. D. Myelin is a phospholipid that electrically insulates neurons from one another.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

KEY:  Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

3. ANS:  A

Within the medulla are cardiac centers that regulate heart rate, respiratory centers that regulate breathing, and vasomotor centers that regulate the diameter of blood vessels and therefore blood pressure. B. D. The hypothalamus and cerebrum have varied functions. C. The functions of the cerebellum are concerned with the involuntary aspects of voluntary movement: coordination, the appropriate direction and endpoint of movements, and the maintenance of posture and balance or equilibrium.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

KEY:  Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Analysis

4. ANS:  C

Each spinal nerve has two roots, which are neurons entering or leaving the spinal cord. The dorsal root is made of sensory neurons that carry impulses into the spinal cord. The dorsal root ganglion is an enlargement of this root that contains the cell bodies of these sensory neurons. The ventral root is the motor root; it is made of motor neurons that carry impulses from the spinal cord to muscles or glands. (Their cell bodies are in the gray matter of the spinal cord.) When the two roots merge, the nerve thus formed is a mixed nerve. A. B. D. Medial, lateral, and proximal are not parts of a spinal nerve.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

KEY:  Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application

5. ANS:  D

The end of the axon is called the synaptic end bulb and contains a chemical neurotransmitter that is released into the synapse by the arrival of the electrical impulse. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and combines with specific receptor sites on the postsynaptic membrane. At excitatory synapses, the neurotransmitter makes the postsynaptic membrane more permeable to sodium ions, which rush into the cell, initiating an electrical impulse on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. A. B. C. Schwann cells, depolarization, and cell membranes are part of the neuron and its function, not the synapse.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

KEY:  Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application