Chapter 48: Diabetes Mellitus

Chapter 48: Diabetes Mellitus

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which statement by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is correct?

a.	Insulin is not used to control blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
b.	Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
c.	Changes in diet and exercise may control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
d.	Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when the patient is admitted with a hyperglycemic coma.

 

 

ANS:  C

For some patients with type 2 diabetes, changes in lifestyle are sufficient to achieve blood glucose control. Insulin is frequently used for type 2 diabetes, complications are equally severe as for type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed with routine laboratory testing or after a patient develops complications such as frequent yeast infections.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Understand (comprehension)                   REF:   1134

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation     MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

2. A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L). The nurse will plan to teach the patient about

a.	self-monitoring of blood glucose.
b.	using low doses of regular insulin.
c.	lifestyle changes to lower blood glucose.
d.	effects of oral hypoglycemic medications.

 

 

ANS:  C

The patient’s impaired fasting glucose indicates prediabetes, and the patient should be counseled about lifestyle changes to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The patient with prediabetes does not require insulin or oral hypoglycemics for glucose control and does not need to self-monitor blood glucose.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply (application)           REF:               1133

TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning               MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

3. A 28-yr-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates that the nurse should implement additional teaching?

a.	The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
b.	The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
c.	The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
d.	The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.

 

 

ANS:  D

When the patient is ketotic, exercise may result in an increase in blood glucose level. Patients with type 1 diabetes should be taught to avoid exercise when ketosis is present. The other statements are correct.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply (application)           REF:               1134

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

4. The nurse is assessing a 22-yr-old patient experiencing the onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes. To which question would the nurse anticipate a positive response?

a.	“Are you anorexic?”	c.	“Have you lost weight lately?”
b.	“Is your urine dark colored?”	d.	“Do you crave sugary drinks?”

 

 

ANS:  C

Weight loss occurs because the body is no longer able to absorb glucose and starts to break down protein and fat for energy. The patient is thirsty but does not necessarily crave sugar-containing fluids. Increased appetite is a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes. With the classic symptom of polyuria, urine will be very dilute.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Apply (application)           REF:               1121

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment           MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity