Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What is the most common type of shock in children?

a.	Hypovolemic	c.	Neurogenic
b.	Cardiogenic	d.	Septic

 

 

ANS:  A

Hypovolemic shock, the most common type of shock in children, is associated with a reduction in the intravascular volume relative to the vascular space.

 

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2. Hypotension is likely to occur when an infant or child is greater than _____ % dehydrated.

a.	2	c.	7
b.	5	d.	10

 

 

ANS:  D

Hypotension typically develops when dehydration is greater than 10% in the infant or child or greater than 6% in the adolescent.

 

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3. A prolonged capillary refill time in children is consistent with the development of what type of shock?

a.	Hypovolemic	c.	Compensated
b.	Septic	d.	Cardiogenic

 

 

ANS:  B

The child with hypovolemic shock demonstrates signs of inadequate blood flow to some tissue beds and some evidence of organ system dysfunction. The infant or child may be irritable or lethargic. Respirations will be rapid and may be labored if shock is severe or associated with myocardial failure. The skin will be mottled, although pallor also may be observed. A prolonged capillary refill time (>2 seconds) is consistent with the development of septic shock. This statement is not necessarily true of the other types of shock.

 

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4. Bradycardia in young children experiencing shock symptoms often suggests which result?

a.	Onset of cardiac dysfunction
b.	Effective management of cardiac dysfunction
c.	Good management of anxiety
d.	Cardiovascular collapse

 

 

ANS:  D

Bradycardia often indicates impending cardiovascular collapse or cardiac arrest and is the most common terminal cardiac rhythm observed in children. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the impact of bradycardia on a child.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Page 1704

 

5. What is the cause of appropriately 50% of the deaths in children who have experienced a burn injury?

a.	Immunosuppression	c.	Inhalation injury
b.	Hypermetabolism	d.	Hypertrophic scarring

 

 

ANS:  C

The leading cause of death in children after burn injury, as in adults, is an inhalation injury. Inhalation injuries cause approximately 50% of all deaths in children with burns. Although the other options are factors, they are not responsible for 50% of the deaths.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   Pages 1715-1716