Gerontological Nursing The Essential Guide to Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition by Patricia A.
Gerontological Nursing The Essential Guide to Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition by Patricia A.
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Chapter 5- Common Aging Changes
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| 1. | During an assessment of an 82-year-old woman, a gerontological nurse learns that the woman has lost over 4 inches in height over the last several years. Which of the following factors have likely contributed to this phenomenon? Select all that apply. | |
| A) | The woman’s overall proportion of body water has decreased. | |
| B) | The client has experienced a loss of cartilage. | |
| C) | The woman’s thyroid hormone levels have declined since the sixth decade. | |
| D) | The client’s vertebrae have thinned. | |
| E) | Loss of stature is a consequence of the woman’s diet. | |
| F) | The woman’s long bones have decreased in length. | |
| Ans: | A, B, D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Reduced hydration, loss of cartilage, and thinning of vertebrae can all contribute to loss of stature. Decreased levels of TH, shortening of long bones, and diet are not noted to contribute to this phenomenon. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 5- Common Aging Changes, 2
Chapter: 5 Client Needs: D4 Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process Objective: 1 Page and Header: 52, Respiratory System |
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| 2. | A 78-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Potential pathological findings on a recent chest x-ray have prompted his physician to order a bronchoscopy and lung function tests. Which of the following findings would be most likely suggestive of pathological processes rather than normal, age-related respiratory changes? | |
| A) | The client has fewer cilia than would be found in a younger client. | |
| B) | Lung function tests reveal that both maximum breathing and vital capacity are diminished since his last test. | |
| C) | There is an accumulation of serous fluid between the lungs and the pleural membrane. | |
| D) | The lungs are smaller than younger adults’ and there are fewer alveoli. | |
| Ans: | C | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While decreases in the number of cilia, alveoli, lung size, and lung capacities are commonly associated with aging, an accumulation of serous fluid would not be considered a normal consequence of the aging process. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 5- Common Aging Changes, 3
Chapter: 5 Client Needs: D4 Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning Objective: 1 Page and Header: 54, Cardiovascular System |
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| 3. | An 80-year-old resident of an assisted living facility is proud of the fact that he was an elite athlete during his younger years. Despite his concerted efforts to remain physically active and maintain his stamina, he is lamenting his loss of exercise tolerance in recent years. How can his nurse best respond to these concerns? | |
| A) | “It’s inevitable that your heart increases in size as you age, and this is associated with a loss of cardiac efficiency.” | |
| B) | “It’s normal for your heart to contract less strongly as you age, and this makes you somewhat less able to exercise vigorously.” | |
| C) | “As you age, it’s common for your heart rate becomes less regular and this often results in fatigue.” | |
| D) | “The normal increase in blood pressure that accompanies aging leaves you with less cardiac reserve capacity than when you were young.” | |
| Ans: | B | |
| Feedback: | ||
| Cardiac contractility decreases as a part of normal aging. An increase in heart size, irregular heart rate, and increased blood pressure would be considered pathological conditions regardless of age. | ||
| Origin: Chapter 5- Common Aging Changes, 4
Chapter: 5 Client Needs: D4 Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process Objective: 1 Page and Header: 57, Urinary System |
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| 4. | Which of the following diagnostic and assessment findings from among the patients on a geriatric medical unit most warrants further investigation? | |
| A) | An 81-year-old woman’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is low. | |
| B) | A 78-year-old male’s stomach pH is increased. | |
| C) | A 71-year-old male client’s echocardiogram reveals slight left ventricular hypertrophy. | |
| D) | A 78-year-old man has recently developed urinary incontinence. | |
| Ans: | D | |
| Feedback: | ||
| While a decrease in GFR, increase in stomach pH, and slight left ventricular hypertrophy are considered normal accompaniments to aging, urinary incontinence should be considered a pathological finding that necessitates further assessment. | ||
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