Chapter 5: Theories and Therapies

Chapter 5: Theories and Therapies

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which is the best description of a modern theory?

ANS:  B

Modern theories, which are developed through observation and research, explain the relationships among events, concepts, and ideas. Models comprise a pattern of behaviors that help to explain a theory, and early theories were developed through observation and deductions. The beliefs and values held by a person come from the person’s culture. A code of ethics helps professionals to make decisions.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   Page 37          OBJ:   1

TOP:   Theories and Therapies                    KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the emergency room with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and inability to concentrate, along with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses Maslow’s theory to triage the client’s complaints, knowing that which complaint must be addressed first?

ANS:  B

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of breath, followed by chest pain, then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and inability to concentrate. Even though, based on his diagnostic history, this client may be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic needs that are not being met first.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Page 43          OBJ:   4

TOP:   Humanistic Theories and Therapies

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:  Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

3. According to Freud’s theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held by his mother is an example of which part of the personality’s control over behavior?

ANS:  A

According to Freud, the id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate pleasure or avoids pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality based and has more control than the id; the superego is not developed in early childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a component of Freud’s theory of personality.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   Page 38          OBJ:   2

TOP:   Psychoanalytical Theories                KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:  Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

4. According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is most productive, and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core task of caring during which stage of psychosocial development?

ANS:  C

The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and demonstrating guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen during middle adulthood.  Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed in themselves. The core task of young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the core task of puberty is fidelity.

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension     REF:   Page 42          OBJ:   3

TOP:   Developmental Theories and Therapies

KEY:  Nursing Process Step: Assessment   MSC:  Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance