Chapter 50: Miscellaneous Agents

Chapter 50: Miscellaneous Agents

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with gout who has elevated uric acid levels. Which medication will likely be administered?

A.	Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
B.	Disulfiram (Antabuse)
C.	Lactulose (Cephulac)
D.	Memantine (Namenda)

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	Allopurinol blocks the terminal step in uric acid formation by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase.
B	Disulfiram does not lower uric acid levels.
C	Lactulose does not lower uric acid levels.
D	Memantine does not lower uric acid levels.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    843

TOP:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity

 

2. Why is lactulose administered to a patient with end-stage liver disease and encephalopathy?

A.	To increase daily urine output
B.	To relieve constipation
C.	To reduce formation of ammonia in the gut
D.	To maintain electrolyte values within normal limits

 

 

ANS:   C

 

	Feedback
A	Lactulose does not increase urine output.
B	Lactulose is a laxative, but that is not why it is given in end-stage liver disease.
C	Symptoms associated with end-stage liver disease are portal hypertension and ascites and/or accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Elevated ammonia levels contribute to encephalopathy associated with chronic alcoholism. Lactulose is prescribed to reduce formation of ammonia in the gut.
D	Lactulose does not maintain normal electrolyte balance.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    847

TOP:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity

 

3. The nurse is providing information to a patient with chronic gout arthritis who is prescribed probenecid. Which information by the nurse is accurate regarding the action of this drug?

A.	It prevents uric acid crystal formation.
B.	It promotes uric acid excretion.
C.	It provides analgesia.
D.	It treats acute gout attacks.

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Probenecid does not prevent formation of uric acid crystals.
B	Probenecid promotes renal excretion of uric acid and inhibits the reabsorption of urate in the kidney, which results in the reduction of uric acid in the blood. It is used to treat hyperuricemia and chronic gouty arthritis. The primary therapeutic outcome expected with probenecid therapy is prevention of acute attacks of gouty arthritis.
C	Probenecid does not provide analgesia.
D	Colchicines provide relief from acute attacks of gout.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    848

TOP:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity

 

4. The nurse receives an order to administer colchicine 0.6 mg every 1 to 2 hours until the patient exhibits adverse effects. The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect?

A.	Diminished fever
B.	Diarrhea or nausea
C.	Increased urination
D.	Decrease in erythema

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Fever is not associated with gout, and colchicine does not reduce fever.
B	During an acute attack, initially 0.5 to 1.3 mg are administered, followed by 0.6 mg every 1 to 2 hours until pain subsides, or nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea develop.
C	Colchicine does not increase urinary output or frequency.
D	Colchicine does not affect erythema.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    844

TOP:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity