Chapter 52: Management of Patients With HIV Infection and AIDS

Chapter 52: Management of Patients With HIV Infection and AIDS

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Multiple Choice

1. Since the HIV/AIDS epidemic began health professionals have learned much about the virus that causes the disease and the disease process itself. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a group of viruses known as retroviruses. What patient is at the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
2. A) Injecting drug user
3. B) Female homosexual
4. C) Blood transfusion recipient in 1995
5. D) Health care provider

Ans:  A

Chapter:  52

Client Needs:  D-3

Cognitive Level:  Comprehension

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  1

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Feedback:  Risk factors for HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) include being an injecting drug user, male homosexual, heterosexual with an infected partner, and recipient of blood products contaminated with HIV, especially prior to 1985.

2. The clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with HIV. The nurse has assessed that the patient is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what?
3. A) HIV encephalopathy
4. B) B-cell lymphoma
5. C) Kaposi’s syndrome
6. D) Wasting syndrome

Ans:  A

Chapter:  52

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  3

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Feedback:  HIV encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. Therefore options B, C, and D are incorrect.

3. The nurse is assessing a 28-year-old man with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the patient, which of the following observations takes immediate priority?
4. A) Oral temperature of 100^°F
5. B) Tachypnea and restlessness
6. C) Frequent loose stools
7. D) Weight loss of 1 pound since yesterday

Ans:  B

Chapter:  52

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  4

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Feedback:  In prioritizing care, the pneumonia would be assessed first by the nurse.  Tachypnea and restlessness are symptoms of altered respiratory status and need immediate priority. Weight loss of 1 pound is probably fluid related; frequent loose stools would not take precedence over a temperature or tachypnea and restlessness. An oral temperature of 100^°F is not considered a fever and would not be the first thing addressed.

4. A patient has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for HIV infection. The patient asks the nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood, this indicates what?
5. A) The patient is immune to HIV.
6. B) AIDS is inactive in the body.
7. C) The patient may have unprotected intercourse, because he or she is not infected with HIV.
8. D) The patient has been infected with HIV.

Ans:  D

Chapter:  52

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Teaching/Learning

Objective:  2

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Feedback:  Positive test results indicate that antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood, HIV is probably active in the body, the patient does not necessarily have AIDS, the patient is not immune to AIDS, and the patient may not necessarily get AIDS in the future. The patient is not immune to HIV, and should not have unprotected intercourse.

5. An immunocompromised patient has just been admitted to your unit with abdominal pain. The patient has AIDS and the physician has ordered an abdominal radiograph. How should the nurse safely facilitate the test?
6. A) Arrange for a portable x-ray machine to be used.
7. B) Have a patient wear a mask to the x-ray department.
8. C) Have the x-ray department disinfected prior to the patient arriving.
9. D) Send the patient to the x-ray department, and have the staff in the department mask.

Ans:  A

Chapter:  52

Client Needs:  A-2

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  5

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Feedback:  A patient who is immunocompromised is at an increased risk of contracting nosocomial infections due to suppressed immunity.  The safest way the test can be facilitated is to have a portable x-ray machine in the patient’s room.