Chapter 57: Management of Patients With Burn Injury

Chapter 57: Management of Patients With Burn Injury

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

 

 

1. A patient is brought to the Emergency Department from the site of a chemical fire. The paramedics report that the patient has a burn that involves the epidermis, dermis, and the muscle and bone of the right arm. When you assess the patient he verbalizes no pain in the right arm and the skin appears charred. Based upon these assessment findings, what is the depth of the burn on the patient’s right arm?
2. A) Superficial partial-thickness
3. B) Deep partial-thickness
4. C) Full partial-thickness
5. D) Full-thickness

 

Ans:  D

Chapter:  57

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  2

Page and Header:  1720, Overview to Burn Injury

 

Feedback:  A full-thickness burn involves total destruction of the epidermis and dermis and, in some cases, underlying tissue as well. Wound color ranges widely from white to red, brown, or black. The burned area is painless because the nerve fibers are destroyed. The wound can appear leathery; hair follicles and sweat glands are destroyed. Edema may also be present. Full partial thickness is not a depth of burn. Superficial partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis and possibly a portion of the dermis and the patient will experience pain that is soothed by cooling. Deep partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis, upper dermis, and portion of the deeper dermis and the patient will complain of pain and sensitivity to cold air.

 

 

 

 

2. The nursing instructor is going over burn injuries. The instructor tells the students that the nursing care priorities for a patient with a burn injury include wound care, nutritional support, and prevention of complications such as infection. Based upon these care priorities, the instructor is most likely discussing a patient in what phase of burn care?
3. A) Emergent
4. B) Immediate resuscitative
5. C) Acute
6. D) Rehabilitation

 

Ans:  C

Chapter:  57

Client Needs:  D-1

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  6

Page and Header:  1729, Management of Burn Injury

 

Feedback:  The acute or intermediate phase of burn care follows the emergent/resuscitative phase and begins 48 to 72 hours after the burn injury. During this phase, attention is directed toward continued assessment and maintenance of respiratory and circulatory status, fluid and electrolyte balance, and gastrointestinal function. Infection prevention, burn wound care (ie, wound cleaning, topical antibacterial therapy, wound dressing, dressing changes, wound debridement, and wound grafting), pain management, and nutritional support are priorities at this stage and are discussed in detail in the following sections. Priorities during the emergent or immediate resuscitative phase include first aid, prevention of shock and respiratory distress, detection and treatment of concomitant injuries, and initial wound assessment and care. The priorities during the rehabilitation phase include prevention of scars and contractures, rehabilitation, functional and cosmetic reconstruction, and psychosocial counseling.

 

 

 

 

3. A patient in the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury has had her lab work drawn. Upon analysis of the patient’s laboratory studies, the nurse will expect the results to indicate what?
4. A) Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis
5. B) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis
6. C) Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic alkalosis
7. D) Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematrocrit, and metabolic alkalosis

 

Ans:  A

Chapter:  57

Client Needs:  D-4

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  4

Page and Header:  1723, Overview to Burn Injury

 

Feedback:  Fluid and electrolyte changes in the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury include hyperkalemia related to the release of potassium into the extracellular fluid, hyponatremia from large amount of sodium lost in trapped edema fluid, hemoconcentration that leads to an increased hematocrit, and loss of bicarbonate ions that results in metabolic acidosis.

 

 

 

 

4. The patient you are caring for has an electrical burn and has developed thick eschar over the burn wound. Which of the following topical antibacterial agents will the nurse expect the physician to order for the wound?
5. A) Silver sulfadiazine 1% (Silvadene) water-soluble cream
6. B) Mafenide acetate 10% (Sulfamylon) hydrophilic-based cream
7. C) Silver nitrate 0.5% aqueous solution
8. D) Acticoat

 

Ans:  B

Chapter:  57

Client Needs:  D-2

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Difficulty:  Difficult

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  5

Page and Header:  1736, Management of Burn Injury

 

Feedback:  Mafenide acetate 10% hydrophilic-based cream is the agent of choice for electrical burns because of its ability to penetrate thick eschar.

 

 

 

 

5. The occupational health nurse is called to the floor of the factory where a patient has sustained a flash burn to the right arm. The nurse arrives and the flames have been extinguished. The next step is to “cool the burn.” How will the nurse cool the burn?
6. A) Apply ice to the site of the burn for 5 to 10 minutes.
7. B) Wrap the patient’s affected extremity in ice until help arrives.
8. C) Apply an oil-based substance or butter to the burned area until help arrives.
9. D) Wrap cool towels around the affected extremity intermittently.

 

Ans:  D

Chapter:  57

Client Needs:  D-3

Cognitive Level:  Application

Difficulty:  Moderate

Integrated Process:  Nursing Process

Objective:  7

Page and Header:  1726, Management of Burn Injury

 

Feedback:  Once the burn has been sustained, the application of cool water is the best first-aid measure. Soaking the burn area intermittently in cool water or applying cool towels gives immediate and striking relief from pain and limits local tissue edema and damage. However, never apply ice directly to the burn, never wrap the person in ice, and never use cold soaks or dressings for longer than several minutes; such procedures may worsen the tissue damage and lead to hypothermia in people with large burns.