Chapter 66: Review of the Immune System

Chapter 66: Review of the Immune System

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. The nurse is offering a refresher class on the immune system to a group in the community. Which statement about the comparison between natural and acquired immunity best demonstrates understanding?

a.	Acquired immune responses are nonspecific.
b.	Individuals are born with specific acquired immunity to most antigens.
c.	Only natural immunity processes occur in response to antigens.
d.	Specific acquired immunity occurs only after exposure to a foreign substance.

 

 

ANS:   D

Specific acquired immunity occurs only after exposure to a foreign substance.

Acquired immune responses are specific.

Individuals are not born with specific acquired immunity to most antigens; they develop after initial exposure to a foreign substance.

Acquired and natural immunity can occur in response to antigens.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    p. 785

TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. A patient is beginning to display signs and symptoms of an antibody-mediated humoral response. Which of the following findings would be most consistent with this observation?

a.	Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
b.	T lymphocytes
c.	CD4 cells and macrophages
d.	Delayed-type hypersensitivity

 

 

ANS:   A

An antibody-mediated humoral response would be manifested by the presence of antigen-presenting cells.

T lymphocytes, CD4 cells, and macrophages, as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity, are manifestations of cell-mediated immunity.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 790

TOP:    Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. The nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to opportunistic infections, especially if there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which of the following findings would most concern the nurse?

a.	Very low helper T lymphocyte count
b.	High level of macrophages
c.	Low red blood (RBC) cell count
d.	Low neutrophil count

 

 

ANS:   A

A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse, because the helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and people with AIDS have a low or deficient count.

A high level of macrophages could indicate an inflammatory response.

A low RBC count may indicate anemia.

A low neutrophil count can be caused by multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates an infection.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    p. 786

TOP:    Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. Nurses are attending a course in pathophysiology and are discussing the immune response. Which statement about macrophages by one of the nurses demonstrates a need for further teaching? “The roles of macrophages include

a.	deactivation of T cells.”
b.	natural and acquired immunity.”
c.	inflammation.”
d.	phagocytosis.”

 

 

ANS:   A

Macrophages actually activate T cells, and have roles in natural and acquired immunity, as well as inflammation and phagocytosis; this statement indicates that further teaching is required.

Natural and acquired immunity are among the roles of macrophages.

Inflammation is one of the roles of macrophages.

Phagocytosis is one of the roles of macrophages.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    p. 786

TOP:    Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation