Chapter 67: Review of the Immune System

Chapter 67: Review of the Immune System

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A nurse is reviewing the immune system with a group of nursing students. One student asks about the difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. What should the nurse reply?

a.	“Humoral immunity does not involve helper T cells in the immune response.”
b.	“Humoral immunity does not have a role in hypersensitivity reactions.”
c.	“Humoral immunity requires cytolytic T cells that attack antigens directly.”
d.	“Humoral immunity uses cells produced by B lymphocytes in the immune response.”

 

 

ANS:  D

Humoral immunity refers to immunity mediated by antibodies, which are produced by B lymphocytes. Helper T cells have an essential role in antibody production by B cells. The antibody immunoglobulin E plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. Cytolytic T cells do not produce antibodies; they are key players in cellular immunity.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 806 | p. 808

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

 

2. A nurse is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired immunity system. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

a.	“Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity are both types of specific acquired immune responses.”
b.	“Each exposure to an antigen causes a faster, more intense response.”
c.	“Immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance.”
d.	“The skin is a factor in specific acquired immunity.”

 

 

ANS:  D

The skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity. It is not a factor in specific acquired immunity. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity are both types of specific acquired immunity. In specific acquired immunity, each exposure to an antigen evokes a more intense response more quickly. Specific acquired immunity occurs only after initial exposure to an antigen.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 806

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

 

3. A nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which finding would most concern the nurse?

a.	High level of macrophages
b.	Low neutrophil count
c.	Low red blood cell (RBC) count
d.	Very low helper T lymphocyte count

 

 

ANS:  D

The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to opportunistic infections, especially if there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse, because the helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and people with AIDS have a low or deficient count. A high level of macrophages could indicate an inflammatory response. A low RBC count may indicate anemia. A low neutrophil count can be caused by multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates an infection.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 808

TOP:   Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

 

4. Which statement is true about helper T cells?

a.	They are useful but are not essential to immune responses.
b.	They do not play a role in antibody production.
c.	They have highly specific receptors to antigens on their surface.
d.	They prevent CD4 molecules from attaching to antigens.

 

 

ANS:  C

Helper T cells have highly specific cell surface receptors that recognize individual antigens. Helper T cells play an essential role in several functions of the immune response. They have an essential role in the production of antibodies by B cells. They carry CD4 molecules on their surface and are also referred to as CD4 cells.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 808

TOP:   Nursing Process: Diagnosis

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation